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The Use of Volatility Measures in Assessing Market Efficiency

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Robert J. Shiller

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Abstract

My initial motivation for considering volatility measures in the efficient markets models was to clarify the basic smoothing properties of the models to allow an understanding of the assumptions which are implicit in the notion of market efficiency. The efficient markets models, which are described in section II below ,relate a price today to the expected present value of a path of future variables. Since present values are long weighted moving averages, it would seem that price data should be very stable and smooth. These impressions can be formalized in terms of inequalities describing certain variances (section III). The results ought to be of interest whether or not the data satisfy these inequalities, and the procedures ought not to be regarded as just "another test" of market efficiency. Our confidence of our understanding of empirical phenomena is enhanced when we learn how such an obvious property of data as its "smoothness" relates to the model, and to alternative models (section IV below).On further examination of the volatility inequalities, it became clear that the inequalities may also suggest formal tests of market efficiency that have distinct advantages over conventional tests. These advantages take the form of greater power in certain circumstances of robustness to data errors such as misalignment and of simplicity and understandability. An interpretation of volatility tests versus regression tests in terms of the likelihood principle is offered in section V.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 0565.

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Date of creation: Aug 1981
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:0565

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  1. James E. Pesando, 1980. "On Expectations, Term Premiums and the Volatility of Long-Term Interest Rates," NBER Working Papers 0595, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Richard A. Meese & Kenneth J. Singleton, 1980. "Rational expectations, risk premia, and the market for spot and forward exchange," International Finance Discussion Papers 165, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  3. Merton H. Miller & Franco Modigliani, 1961. "Dividend Policy, Growth, and the Valuation of Shares," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34, pages 411. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Grossman, Sanford J & Shiller, Robert J, 1981. "The Determinants of the Variability of Stock Market Prices," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 71(2), pages 222-27, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Singleton, Kenneth J, 1980. "Expectations Models of the Term Structure and Implied Variance Bounds," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 88(6), pages 1159-76, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  1. Andrew W. Lo & A. Craig MacKinlay, 1988. "The Size and Power of the Variance Ratio Test in Finite Samples: A Monte Carlo Investigation," NBER Technical Working Papers 0066, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. G. William Schwert, 2002. "Anomalies and Market Efficiency," NBER Working Papers 9277, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  3. Kenneth D. West, 1986. "A Standard Monetary Model and the Variability of the Deutschemark-DollarExchange Rate," NBER Working Papers 2102, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Nongnuch Tantisantiwong, 2004. "Theoretical moment restrictions of commodity prices," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2004 19, Money Macro and Finance Research Group. [Downloadable!]
  5. Acuña, Andrés & Pinto, Cristián, 2007. "Eficiencia del Mercado Accionario Chileno: Un Enfoque Dinámico usando Tests de Volatilidad
    [Chilean Stock Market Efficiency: A Dynamic Approach using Volatility Tests]
    ," MPRA Paper 7387, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Joseph L. Pagliari, Jr. & James R. Webb, 1995. "A Fundamental Examination of Securitized and Unsecuritized Real Estate," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 10(4), pages 381-426. [Downloadable!]
  7. Bruce N. Lehmann, 1990. "Fads, Martingales, and Market Efficiency," NBER Working Papers 2533, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. J. Annaert & W. Van Hyfte, 2006. "Long-Horizon Mean Reversion for the Brussels Stock Exchange: Evidence for the 19th Century," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 06/376, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration. [Downloadable!]
  9. David S. Jones & V. Vance Roley, 1984. "Rational Expectations, the Expectations Hypothesis, and Treasury Bill Yields: An Econometric Analysis," NBER Working Papers 0869, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Georg Gebhardt & Felix Höffler, 2008. "How to Determine whether Regional Markets are Integrated? Theory and Evidence from European Electricity Markets," Discussion Papers 236, SFB/TR 15 Governance and the Efficiency of Economic Systems, Free University of Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Bonn, University of Mannheim, University of Munich. [Downloadable!]
  11. Hanno Lustig, 2005. "The Returns on Human Capital: Good News on Wall Street is Bad News on Main Street (joint with Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh)," UCLA Economics Online Papers 352, UCLA Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  12. John Hatgioannides & Spiros Mesomeris, 2005. "Mean Reversion in Equity Prices: the G-7 Evidence," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2005 64, Money Macro and Finance Research Group. [Downloadable!]
  13. Jeffrey A. Frankel & James H. Stock, 1987. "A Relationship Between Regression Tests and Volatility Tests of Market ncy," NBER Working Papers 1105, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Andrew W. Lo & A. Craig MacKinlay, 1989. "Stock Market Prices Do Not Follow Random Walks: Evidence From a Simple Specification Test," NBER Working Papers 2168, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  15. Matthew Spiegel, 1996. "Stock Price Volatility in a Multiple Security Overlapping Generations Model," Finance 9608002, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  16. G. Caginalp, H. Laurent, 1998. "The predictive power of price patterns," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 5(3-4), pages 181-205, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee, 1991. "On The Effects Of Exchange Risk On The Foreign Exchange Market Efficiency," International Economic Journal, Korean International Economic Association, vol. 5(2), pages 77-86, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Jondeau, E. & Sedillot, F., 1998. "La prevision des taux longs français et allemands a partir d'un modele a anticipations rationnelles," Documents de Travail 55, Banque de France. [Downloadable!]
  19. Rudiger Dornbusch, 1983. "Equilibrium and Disequilibrium Exchange Rates," NBER Working Papers 0983, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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