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La dette des pays en développement : bilan et perspectives

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  • Eric Berr

    (Groupe d'Economie du Développement Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV)

Abstract

La crise de la dette qui a débuté en 1982 est la conséquence d'un certain laxisme de la part des créanciers quant aux prêts accordés, d'une mauvaise utilisation des sommes reçues parles dirigeants des pays en développement et de la politique anti inflationniste menée au début des années 1980 par les pays occidentaux. Cette crise a été gérée, avec l'accord des créanciers, par les institutions financières internationales. Ainsi, le FMI et la Banque mondiale ont conditionné toute restructuration de dette à l'adoption de programmes d'ajustement structurel qui, loin de régler les maux dont souffrent les PED, ont conduit à la crise des années 1990 et se sont traduits par une mise sous tutelle des économies des pays en développement. Si les institutions financières internationales tentent d'infléchir leurs politiques, celles-ci participent toujours d'une logique libérale. En définitive, si l'on veut redonner une certaine liberté d'action aux PED, il convient de supprimer cet instrument de domination que constitue leur dette extérieure. Une telle annulation trouve des justifications tant économiques quepolitiques. The debt crisis which began in 1982 is the consequence of a certain laxism on behalf ofthe creditors as for the granted loans, of a misuse of the sums received by the leaders of thedeveloping countries and the anti inflationary policy followed at the beginning of the 1980's by the Western countries. This crisis has been managed, with the agreement of the creditors, by theinternational financial institutions. Thus, the IMF and the World Bank conditioned anyreorganization of debt to the adoption of structural adjustment programs which, far fromregulating the evils from which the developing countries suffer, led to the crisis of the 1990'sand resulted in a setting under supervision of the developing countries economies. If theinternational financial institutions try to modify their policies, those always take part of aliberal logic. Fundamentaly, if one wants to restore a certain liberty of action to thedeveloping countries, it is advisable to remove this instrument of domination which theirforeign debt constitutes. Such a cancellation finds justifications as well economic aspolitical. (Full text in French)

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Berr, 2003. "La dette des pays en développement : bilan et perspectives," Documents de travail 82, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV.
    • Handle: RePEc:mon:ceddtr:82
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    1. William S. Sessions, 1990. "Washington," Challenge, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(4), pages 57-59, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. François Combarnous & Eric Berr, 2004. "L'impact du consensus de Washington sur les pays en développement : une évaluation empirique," Post-Print hal-00153005, HAL.
    2. Gharyeni, Abdellatif, 2015. "Dette Extérieure, Croissance Économique et Crises dans Les Pays En Développement : Un Bref Aperçu Théorique, Historique et Statistique [External Debt, Economic Growth and Crisis in Developing Count," MPRA Paper 69244, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 04 Feb 2106.
    3. Eric BERR, 2008. "Which development for the 21st century? Reflections on sustainable development\r\n (In French)," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2008-04, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    4. Maria Pascal (cas. Andriescu), 2010. "External Borrowing – A Solution In Overcoming The Current Economic Crisis?," CES Working Papers, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 2(2), pages 5-10, June.
    5. Gharyeni, Abdellatif & Jouili, Mustapha, 2015. "Dette extérieure et croissance économique dans les pays à revenu intermédiaire : Essai empirique [External Debt and Economic Growth in the Middle-Income Countries :Empirical Test]," MPRA Paper 69122, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 31 Jan 2016.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
    • O23 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development

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