Le retournement idéologique opéré au début des années 1980 marque l'avènement de stratégies de développement libérales qui fondent le consensus de Washington. Nous souhaitons mesurer l'impact de ce dernier sur les pays en développement. Pour ce faire, nous créons dans un premier temps un indicateur numérique de suivi du consensus de Washington. Cet indicateur multidimensionnel est obtenu par une analyse en composantes principales de ses dix dimensions. Il permet de chiffrer, de 1980 à 2000, le degré d'engagement de 98 pays en développement dans le train de mesures prôné par les institutions financières internationales. D'autre part, il montre que le consensus de Washington n'est pas applicable dans l'intégralité de ses dix dimensions. Sur la base de cet indicateur, il est alors possible dans un second temps de confronter le degré de mise en œuvre du consensus au degré de réalisation de certains objectifs tels que la croissance, le développement, la réduction de la dette, la baisse des inégalités ou encore l'ouverture au commerce mondial. Ce faisant, nous montrons que les pays appliquant fidèlement les recommandations du consensus de Washington n'ont globalement pas obtenu de meilleurs résultats que les autres. Face à ce constat d'échec, la voie du post-consensus est alors explorée. The ideological reversal operated at the beginning of the 80's marks the advent of liberal development strategies which found the Washington consensus. We are interested in measuring the impact of this last on developing countries. With this intention, we initially create a numerical indicator of Washington consensus adoption. This multidimensional indicator is obtained by means of a principal components analysis of its ten dimensions. It makes it possible to quantify, from 1980 to 2000, the degree of commitment of 98 developing countries in the batch of measures advocated by the international financial institutions. Moreover, it shows that the Washington consensus is not applicable in the whole of its ten dimensions. On the basis of this indicator, it is then possible to confront the degree of implementation of the consensus with the degree of achievement of objectives such as growth, development, debt reduction, inequalities drop or world trade opening. By doing this, we show that assiduous countries did not obtain better results than the others. Facing this acknowledgement of failure, the way of post-consensus is then explored. (Full text in french)
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Paper provided by Centre d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV in its series Documents de travail with number
100.
Length: 27 pages Date of creation: Jun 2004 Date of revision: Handle: RePEc:mon:ceddtr:100
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Find related papers by JEL classification: O11 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development O19 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
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