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Ersatzraten in der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung

Author

Listed:
  • Kluth, Sebastian
  • Gasche, Martin

    (Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA))

Abstract

Eine Ersatzrate gibt an, wie viel Prozent des Erwerbseinkommens durch die Rente ersetzt werden und soll damit etwas über das Versorgungsniveau im Alter aussagen. Bei der „klassischen Ersatzrate“ wird die Rente ins Verhältnis zum letzten vor der Rente verdienten Einkommen gesetzt. Häufig wird die Ersatzrate des Standardrentners betrachtet - einer fiktiven Person, die 45 Jahre zum Durchschnittsentgelt tätig war. Dieser Ansatz ist jedoch problematisch, da in realen Versicherungsverläufen oft kürzere und durchlöcherte Erwerbsbiografien vorliegen und daher oft kein Einkommen direkt vor Rentenbeginn vorhanden ist. Mithilfe des Biografiedatensatzes der Deutschen Rentenversicherung für das Rentenzugangsjahr 2010 kann gezeigt werden, dass die „klassische Ersatzrate“ anfällig für Verzerrungen ist und nur für rund die Hälfte der Rentner berechnet werden kann. Eine Alternative bietet die hier vorgestellte Lebenszyklusersatzrate, die die Rente ins Verhältnis zum durchschnittlichen realen Einkommen während des gesamten Erwerbslebens setzt. Die Analyse des Rentenzugangs zeigt, dass lediglich Gruppen mit lückenloser Erwerbsbiografie die Ersatzraten des Standardrentners erreichen. Dazu gehören Regelaltersrentner mit mindestens 35 Versicherungsjahren, Altersrentner für schwerbehinderte Menschen und Altersrentner für langjährig Versicherte. Die insgesamt auffällig niedrige Ersatzrate von Regelaltersrentnern lässt sich anhand der Gruppenheterogenität erklären. Daneben zeigt sich, dass nicht beitragsbezogene Leistungen (z. B. Entgeltpunkte für Kindererziehung) die Ersatzraten für Frauen mit geringem und mittlerem Einkommen signifikant erhöhen. Zudem können erwerbshistorische Charakteristika wie Familienstand, Einkommen oder Zeitpunkt des Renteneintritts die Ersatzrate entscheidend beeinflussen.

Suggested Citation

  • Kluth, Sebastian & Gasche, Martin, 2013. "Ersatzraten in der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung," MEA discussion paper series 201311, Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA) at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:mea:meawpa:201311
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Kluth, Sebastian, 2014. "Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Role of Actuarial Reduction Rates in Individual Retirement Planning in Germany," MEA discussion paper series 201409, Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA) at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
    2. Pfister, Mona & Lorenz, Svenja & Zwick, Thomas, 2018. "Calculation of pension entitlements in the sample of integrated labour market biographies (SIAB)," FDZ Methodenreport 201801_en, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    3. Börsch-Supan Axel & Coppola Michela & Rausch Johannes, 2015. "Die „Rente mit 63“: Wer sind die Begünstigten?," Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, De Gruyter, vol. 16(3), pages 264-288, October.
    4. repec:iab:iabfme:201801(en is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Kluth, Sebastian, 2014. "Should I Stay or Should I Go? The Role of Actuarial Reduction Rates in Individual Retirement Planning in Germany," VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy 100413, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    6. Börsch-Supan, Axel & Coppola, Michela & Rausch, Johannes, 2014. "Die Rente mit 63: Wer sind die Begünstigten? Was sind die Auswirkungen auf die Gesetzliche Rentenversicherung?," MEA discussion paper series 201417, Munich Center for the Economics of Aging (MEA) at the Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.

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    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions

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