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Le taux d'actualisation contre le principe de précaution ? Leçons à partir du cas des politiques climatiques

Author

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  • Jean Charles Hourcade

    (CIRED - centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Franck Lecocq

    (Banque Mondiale - Banque Mondiale - Banque Mondiale)

Abstract

L'utilisation du calcul économique sur le très long terme fait l'objet de critiques quipeuvent aller jusqu'à un rejet pur et simple, en particulier en raison de la technique del'actualisation qui, en écrasant le poids du long terme, viendrait en contradiction avec leprincipe de précaution. Nous expliquons ici, sur la base de l'expérience des débats autour duchangement climatique, en quoi, appliquée en toute rigueur, l'actualisation est au contraire unpoint de passage obligé pour clarifier les enjeux de la décision. Nous montrons en particulierque, dans un cadre de décision séquentielle avec acquisition d'information, le choix, quirestera toujours controversé, du coefficient de préférence pure pour le présent, importe moinsque les hypothèses sur la croissance, sur la productivité du capital, sur les préférences desagents et sur leurs 'croyances' vis-à-vis des dommages climatiques. Nous concluons sur le faitque le taux de préférence pure pour le présent ne saurait résumer à lui seul les questions desolidarité avec les générations futures. Il convient aussi d'examiner la nature de ce que nousléguons aux générations futures, en particulier les stocks de capital physique et deconnaissance qui déterminent leurs capacités d'adaptation à de futures informations.**********The application of standard cost-benefit analysis to evaluate long-term policies has beenheavily criticized, in particular because of discounting, which is accused of putting too littleweight on the future, thus contradicting the precautionary principle. Based on the example ofclimate mitigation policies, we show why discounting, rigorously applied, is necessary toclarify the issues at stake in the decision. In particular, we demonstrate that, within asequential decision-making framework with increasing information, the value of pure timediscounting matters less than the assumptions we make about future growth, productivity ofcapital, preferences and beliefs about climate change impacts. We conclude thatintergenerational equity issues go beyond the value of pure time preference. We must also payattention to the nature of our bequest to future generations, in terms of stocks of physicalcapital and of knowledge in particular, because it shapes their ability to adapt to newinformation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Charles Hourcade & Franck Lecocq, 2003. "Le taux d'actualisation contre le principe de précaution ? Leçons à partir du cas des politiques climatiques," Working Papers halshs-00000967, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00000967
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