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Compétitivité, le choc illusoire... Faut-il réformer le financement de la protection sociale ?

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  • Henri Sterdyniak

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

À l'automne 2012, l'économie française semble souffrir d'un déficit de compétitivité comme d'un problème industriel. Sa balance courante est passée d'un excédent de 2,6 % du PIB en 1997 à un déficit de 1 % en 2007, puis de 2 % en 2012 alors que l'Allemagne passait d'un déficit de 0,4 % du PIB en 1997 à un excédent de 5,7 % (et que la zone euro restait légèrement excédentaire). De 1997 à 2012, la part de marché de la France dans les exportations mondiales chutait de 5,3 à 3,3 % (-38 %), soit un résultat pratiquement identique à celui de l'Italie (-37 %) et du Royaume-Uni (-36 %), tandis que l'Allemagne ne connaissait qu'une baisse modérée (de 8,5 % à 7,9 %, soit -7 %). En juillet, l'Indice de production industrielle (IPI) de la France n'était qu'à 90 (base 2005 = 100) contre 115 pour l'Allemagne et 100 pour la zone euro. La question du redressement productif de la France est donc posée. Faut-il une réforme fiscale pour organiser un transfert important des ménages aux entreprises, pour donner un choc de compétitivité, pour redresser le taux de marge des entreprises ? En même temps, les Français (et en particulier les salariés) se plaignent de la stagnation de leur pouvoir d'achat. De nombreux hommes politiques, des organisations syndicales ou patronales prétendent qu'une réforme du financement de la Sécurité sociale permettrait à la fois d'améliorer la compétitivité de l'économie française et le pouvoir d'achat des Français. Qu'en est-il ? (...).

Suggested Citation

  • Henri Sterdyniak, 2012. "Compétitivité, le choc illusoire... Faut-il réformer le financement de la protection sociale ?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01024671, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01024671
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01024671
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