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The Impact of U.S. Monetary Policy on Foreign Firms

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Abstract

This paper uses cross-country firm-level data to explore the impact of U.S. monetary policy shocks on firms’ sales, investment, and employment. We estimate a significant impact of U.S. monetary policy on the average foreign firm, while controlling for other macroeconomic and financial variables like the VIX and exchange rate fluctuations that accompany U.S. monetary policy changes. We then estimate the role of international trade exposure and financial constraints in transmitting monetary policy shocks to firms, allowing for a better identification of the importance of external demand effects and the financial channel. We first exploit cross-country sector-level data on intermediate and final goods to show that greater global production linkages amplify the impact of U.S. monetary policy at the firm level. We then show that the impact varies along the firm-level distribution of proxies for firms’ financial constraints (for example, size and net worth), with the impact being significantly attenuated for less constrained firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Julian di Giovanni & John H. Rogers, 2022. "The Impact of U.S. Monetary Policy on Foreign Firms," Staff Reports 1039, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:95087
    Note: Revised June 2023.
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    Keywords

    U.S. monetary policy spillovers; Foreign firms; production linkages; financial constraints;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F40 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - General

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