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Evaluating the predictive accuracy of volatility models

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Author Info
Jose A. Lopez

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Abstract

The volatility forecast evaluations most meaningful to forecast users are those conducted under economically relevant loss functions. Although several such loss functions are proposed in the literature, their implied economic costs are of interest only to specific types of volatility forecast users. A forecast evaluation framework that incorporates a more general class of economic loss functions is proposed. A user's loss function specifies the three key elements of the evaluation framework: the economic events to be forecast, the criterion with which to evaluate these forecasts, and the subsets of the forecasts of particular interest. Volatility forecasts are transformed into probability forecasts of the specified events, and the probability forecasts are evaluated using statistical criteria, such as probability scoring rules, tailored to the user's interests. An empirical example using exchange rates illustrates the procedure and confirms that the choice of loss function directly affects the forecast evaluation results.

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Paper provided by Federal Reserve Bank of New York in its series Research Paper with number 9524.

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Date of creation: 1995
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Handle: RePEc:fip:fednrp:9524

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Keywords: Forecasting ; Time-series analysis;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. repec:att:wimass:199317r is not listed on IDEAS
  2. Ray C. Fair, 1993. "Estimating Event Probabilities from Macroeconometric Models Using Stochastic Simulation," NBER Chapters, in: Business Cycles, Indicators and Forecasting, pages 157-178 National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!]
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    Other versions:
  4. Schwert, G William, 1989. " Why Does Stock Market Volatility Change over Time?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 44(5), pages 1115-53, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  5. Pagan, Adrian R. & Schwert, G. William, 1990. "Alternative models for conditional stock volatility," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1-2), pages 267-290. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Engle, Robert F & Ng, Victor K, 1993. " Measuring and Testing the Impact of News on Volatility," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 48(5), pages 1749-78, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. West, Kenneth D. & Edison, Hali J. & Cho, Dongchul, 1993. "A utility-based comparison of some models of exchange rate volatility," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1-2), pages 23-45, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  8. Taylor, Stephen J., 1987. "Forecasting the volatility of currency exchange rates," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 159-170. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Ray C. Fair, 1991. "Estimating Event Probabilities from Macroeconomic Models Using Stochastic Simulation," NBER Technical Working Papers 0111, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Bollerslev, T. & Ghysels, E., 1994. "Periodic Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity," Cahiers de recherche 9408, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques. [Downloadable!]
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  11. Tim Bollerslev & Jeffrey Wooldridge, 1992. "Quasi-maximum likelihood estimation and inference in dynamic models with time-varying covariances," Econometric Reviews, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 11(2), pages 143-172. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  14. Diebold, Francis X & Rudebusch, Glenn D, 1989. "Scoring the Leading Indicators," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 62(3), pages 369-91, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  15. Lee, Keun Yeong, 1991. "Are the GARCH models best in out-of-sample performance?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 305-308, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Stockman, Alan C., 1987. "Economic theory and exchange rate forecasts," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 3-15. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  19. Bollerslev, Tim, 1986. "Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 307-327, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. Engle, Robert F & Gonzalez-Rivera, Gloria, 1991. "Semiparametric ARCH Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 9(4), pages 345-59, October.
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  21. repec:att:wimass:199417 is not listed on IDEAS
  22. Granger, C. W. J. & White, Halbert & Kamstra, Mark, 1989. "Interval forecasting : An analysis based upon ARCH-quantile estimators," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 87-96, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  23. Kim, Kiwhan & Schmidt, Peter, 1993. "Unit root tests with conditional heteroskedasticity," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 59(3), pages 287-300, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
  25. Diebold & Lopez, . "Modeling Volatility Dynamics," Home Pages _062, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  26. Jaesun Noh & Robert F. Engle & Alex Kane, 1994. "Forecasting Volatility and Option Prices of the S&P 500 Index," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 93-32r, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
  27. Jacquier, Eric & Polson, Nicholas G & Rossi, Peter E, 1994. "Bayesian Analysis of Stochastic Volatility Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 12(4), pages 371-89, October.
    Other versions:
  28. Harvey, Andrew & Ruiz, Esther & Shephard, Neil, 1994. "Multivariate Stochastic Variance Models," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 61(2), pages 247-64, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Odeh, Oluwarotimi O. & Featherstone, Allen M. & Sanjoy, Das, 2006. "Predicting Credit Default in an Agricultural Bank: Methods and Issues," 2006 Annual Meeting, February 5-8, 2006, Orlando, Florida 35359, Southern Agricultural Economics Association. [Downloadable!]
  2. Antonio Rubia & Trino-Manuel Ñíguez, 2003. "Forecasting The Conditional Covariance Matrix Of A Portfolio Under Long-Run Temporal Dependence," Working Papers. Serie AD 2003-34, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Luc Bauwens & Genaro Sucarrat, 2008. "General to specific modelling of exchange rate volatility : a forecast evaluation," Economics Working Papers we081810, Universidad Carlos III, Departamento de Economía. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Gianni Amisano & Raffaella Giacomini, 2005. "Comparing Density Forecsts via Weighted Likelihood Ratio Tests," Working Papers ubs0504, University of Brescia, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Andrew J. Patton & Kevin Sheppard, 2008. "Evaluating Volatility and Correlation Forecasts," OFRC Working Papers Series 2008fe22, Oxford Financial Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
  6. Raffaella Giacomini, 2002. "Comparing Density Forecasts via Weighted Likelihood Ratio Tests: Asymptotic and Bootstrap Methods," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 583, Boston College Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  7. Raffaella Giacomini & Halbert White, 2003. "Tests of conditional predictive ability," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 572, Boston College Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Raffaella Giacomini, 2002. "Comparing Density Forecasts via Weighted Likelihood Ratio Tests: Asymptotic and Bootstrap Methods," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series 2002-12, Department of Economics, UC San Diego. [Downloadable!]
  9. Leonardo Souza & Alvaro Veiga & Marcelo C. Medeiros, 2002. "Evaluating the performance of GARCH models using White´s Reality Check," Textos para discussão 453, Department of Economics PUC-Rio (Brazil). [Downloadable!]
  10. Jose A. Lopez & Christian A. Walter, 2000. "Evaluating covariance matrix forecasts in a value-at-risk framework," Working Papers in Applied Economic Theory 2000-21, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. [Downloadable!]
  11. Francis X. Diebold & Jose A. Lopez, 1995. "Measuring Volatility Dynamics," NBER Technical Working Papers 0173, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Francis X. Diebold & Jose A. Lopez, 1996. "Forecast Evaluation and Combination," NBER Technical Working Papers 0192, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  13. Georgios Chortareas & John Nankervis & Ying Jiang, 2007. "Forecasting Exchange Rate Volatility with High Frequency Data: Is the Euro Different?," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2006 79, Money Macro and Finance Research Group. [Downloadable!]
  14. Jose A. Lopez, 1997. "Regulatory evaluation of value-at-risk models," Staff Reports 33, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  15. Gloria González-Rivera & Tae-Hwy Lee, 2007. "Nonlinear Time Series in Financial Forecasting," Working Papers 200803, University of California at Riverside, Department of Economics, revised Feb 2008. [Downloadable!]
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