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Evolution in Bank Complexity

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Abstract

In yesterday’s post, our colleagues discussed the historic changes in financial sector size. Here, we tackle a related question on dynamics—how has bank complexity evolved through time? Recently, academics and policymakers have proposed a variety of strong actions to curb bank complexity, stemming from the view that complex banks are undesirable. While the large banks of today are certainly complex, we lack a thorough understanding of how they got that way. In this post and in our related contribution to the Economic Policy Review (EPR) volume, we focus on organizational complexity, measured by the number and types of entities organized together under common ownership and control. Using a new data set of financial-sector acquisitions, we study the structural evolution of banks and its implications for policy. We argue that banks grew into increasingly complex conglomerates in adaptation to a changing financial sector.

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  • Nicola Cetorelli & James J. McAndrews & James Traina, 2014. "Evolution in Bank Complexity," Liberty Street Economics 20140328, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednls:86932
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    Cited by:

    1. Lumsdaine, R.L. & Rockmore, D.N. & Foti, N.J. & Leibon, G. & Farmer, J.D., 2021. "The intrafirm complexity of systemically important financial institutions," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    2. Ly, Kim Cuong & Shimizu, Katsutoshi, 2018. "Funding liquidity risk and internal markets in multi-bank holding companies: Diversification or internalization?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 77-89.
    3. Toni Ahnert & Benjamin Nelson, 2016. "Opaque Assets and Rollover Risk," Staff Working Papers 16-17, Bank of Canada.
    4. Adrian, Tobias & Breuer, Peter & Ashcraft, Adam & Cetorelli, Nicola, 2018. "A Review of Shadow Banking," CEPR Discussion Papers 13363, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Nicola Cetorelli & James Traina, 2021. "Resolving “Too Big to Fail”," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 60(1), pages 1-23, August.
    6. Flood, Mark D. & Kenett, Dror Y. & Lumsdaine, Robin L. & Simon, Jonathan K., 2020. "The Complexity of Bank Holding Companies: A Topological Approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    7. Cuong, Ly Kim, 2021. "Are financial holding companies' subsidiaries riskier than bank holding companies’ affiliates?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1025-1033.
    8. Sarah Goldman & Virginia Zhelyazkova, 2023. "Drivers of Shadow Banking System: A Panel Empirical Approach for Developed Countries," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 8, pages 95-122.
    9. Correa, Ricardo & Goldberg, Linda S., 2022. "Bank complexity, governance, and risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    10. Anna Chernobai & Ali Ozdagli & Jianlin Wang, 2016. "Business complexity and risk management: evidence from operational risk events in U. S. bank holding companies," Working Papers 16-16, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    11. Ly, Kim Cuong & Liu, Frank Hong & Opong, Kwaku, 2018. "Can parents protect their children? Risk comparison analysis between affiliates of multi- and single-bank holding companies," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 1-10.
    12. Aldasoro, Iñaki & Hardy, Bryan & Jager, Maximilian, 2022. "The Janus face of bank geographic complexity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    13. Philippon, Thomas, 2016. "The FinTech Opportunity," CEPR Discussion Papers 11409, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    14. Argimón, Isabel & Rodríguez-Moreno, María, 2022. "Risk and control in complex banking groups," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    15. Chernobai, Anna & Ozdagli, Ali & Wang, Jianlin, 2021. "Business complexity and risk management: Evidence from operational risk events in U.S. bank holding companies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 418-440.
    16. Agostino Capponi & Xu Sun & David D. Yao, 2020. "A Dynamic Network Model of Interbank Lending—Systemic Risk and Liquidity Provisioning," Mathematics of Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 45(3), pages 1127-1152, August.
    17. Ma, Chang & Nguyen, Xuan-Hai, 2021. "Too big to fail and optimal regulation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 747-758.
    18. Krause, Thomas & Sondershaus, Talina & Tonzer, Lena, 2017. "Complexity and bank risk during the financial crisis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 118-121.
    19. Ajjima Jiravichai & Ruth Banomyong, 2022. "A Proposed Methodology for Literature Review on Operational Risk Management in Banks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, May.
    20. Avdjiev, Stefan & Binder, Stephan & Sousa, Ricardo, 2021. "External debt composition and domestic credit cycles," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    21. Bakkar, Yassine & Nyola, Annick Pamen, 2021. "Internationalization, foreign complexity and systemic risk: Evidence from European banks," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    22. Krause, Thomas & Sondershaus, Talina & Tonzer, Lena, 2016. "The Role of Complexity for Bank Risk during the Financial Crisis: Evidence from a Novel Dataset," IWH Discussion Papers 17/2016, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    23. Pham, Thi Hoang Anh & Doan, Ngoc Thang, 2023. "Global bank complexity and financial fragility around the world," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(1).
    24. Nyola, Annick Pamen & Sauviat, Alain & Tarazi, Amine & Danisman, Gamze Ozturk, 2021. "How organizational and geographic complexity influence performance: Evidence from European banks," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).

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    Keywords

    large banks;

    JEL classification:

    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets

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