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Productivite du travail : les divergences entre pays developpes sont-elles durables ?

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Author Info
Clement Bosquet
Michel Fouquin

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Abstract

Entre 1950 et 1973, un processus de convergence absolue entre les Etats-Unis, consideres comme les leaders technologiques du monde, et les pays d’Europe de l’Ouest et le Japon etait observable. Mais ce processus progressivement s’est attenue pour disparaitre completement depuis 1995. Cet article vise a expliquer les raisons de ces divergences. A cette fin, on utilise des tests econometriques developpes par Bai et Perron afin de determiner objectivement les dates de rupture des tendances. D’un cote on assiste a une renaissance de la productivite aux Etats-Unis ; de l’autre, la plupart des pays europeens enregistrent un declin marque de la croissance de leur productivite. Il apparait que le progres technologique lie aux technologies de l’information et de la communication, s’il explique une partie du regain des Etats-Unis, ne peut en revanche expliquer le declin de l’Europe ; meme si celle-ci est en retard par rapport aux Etats-Unis, elle n’en a pas moins investi d’importants moyens dans ce secteur. Un element crucial de l’explication vient du changement de l’intensite du contenu en emplois de la croissance qui, s’il diminue nettement aux Etats-Unis, s’accroit sensiblement en Europe et permet de reduire le chomage de masse. Cet article utilise differentes bases de donnees tant macro-economiques que sectorielles. Les plus recentes donnees pour l’annee 2008 confirment le diagnostic precedent de divergence des trends de productivite.

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Paper provided by CEPII research center in its series Working Papers with number 2009-02.

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Date of creation: Mar 2009
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Handle: RePEc:cii:cepidt:2009-02

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Related research
Keywords: Population active et emploi; productivite du travail; changement technologique; croissance economique; rupture de tendance;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
O30 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change - - - General
O47 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

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This page was last updated on 2009-11-18.


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