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Deep Hedging: Learning to Simulate Equity Option Markets

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  • Magnus Wiese
  • Lianjun Bai
  • Ben Wood
  • Hans Buehler

Abstract

We construct realistic equity option market simulators based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). We consider recurrent and temporal convolutional architectures, and assess the impact of state compression. Option market simulators are highly relevant because they allow us to extend the limited real-world data sets available for the training and evaluation of option trading strategies. We show that network-based generators outperform classical methods on a range of benchmark metrics, and adversarial training achieves the best performance. Our work demonstrates for the first time that GANs can be successfully applied to the task of generating multivariate financial time series.

Suggested Citation

  • Magnus Wiese & Lianjun Bai & Ben Wood & Hans Buehler, 2019. "Deep Hedging: Learning to Simulate Equity Option Markets," Papers 1911.01700, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1911.01700
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Adriano Koshiyama & Nick Firoozye & Philip Treleaven, 2021. "Generative adversarial networks for financial trading strategies fine-tuning and combination," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(5), pages 797-813, May.
    2. Rama Cont & Jose da Fonseca, 2002. "Dynamics of implied volatility surfaces," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(1), pages 45-60.
    3. Takahashi, Shuntaro & Chen, Yu & Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko, 2019. "Modeling financial time-series with generative adversarial networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 527(C).
    4. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    5. Heston, Steven L, 1993. "A Closed-Form Solution for Options with Stochastic Volatility with Applications to Bond and Currency Options," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(2), pages 327-343.
    6. Magnus Wiese & Robert Knobloch & Ralf Korn & Peter Kretschmer, 2019. "Quant GANs: Deep Generation of Financial Time Series," Papers 1907.06673, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2019.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yichen Feng & Ming Min & Jean-Pierre Fouque, 2022. "Deep Learning for Systemic Risk Measures," Papers 2207.00739, arXiv.org.
    2. Samuel N. Cohen & Christoph Reisinger & Sheng Wang, 2022. "Estimating risks of option books using neural-SDE market models," Papers 2202.07148, arXiv.org.
    3. Magnus Wiese & Ben Wood & Alexandre Pachoud & Ralf Korn & Hans Buehler & Phillip Murray & Lianjun Bai, 2021. "Multi-Asset Spot and Option Market Simulation," Papers 2112.06823, arXiv.org.
    4. Solveig Flaig & Gero Junike, 2023. "Validation of machine learning based scenario generators," Papers 2301.12719, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2023.
    5. Ali Fathi & Bernhard Hientzsch, 2023. "A Comparison of Reinforcement Learning and Deep Trajectory Based Stochastic Control Agents for Stepwise Mean-Variance Hedging," Papers 2302.07996, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2023.
    6. El Amine Cherrat & Snehal Raj & Iordanis Kerenidis & Abhishek Shekhar & Ben Wood & Jon Dee & Shouvanik Chakrabarti & Richard Chen & Dylan Herman & Shaohan Hu & Pierre Minssen & Ruslan Shaydulin & Yue , 2023. "Quantum Deep Hedging," Papers 2303.16585, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2023.
    7. Christa Cuchiero & Wahid Khosrawi & Josef Teichmann, 2020. "A Generative Adversarial Network Approach to Calibration of Local Stochastic Volatility Models," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-31, September.
    8. Hans Buehler & Phillip Murray & Mikko S. Pakkanen & Ben Wood, 2021. "Deep Hedging: Learning to Remove the Drift under Trading Frictions with Minimal Equivalent Near-Martingale Measures," Papers 2111.07844, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    9. Blanka Horvath & Josef Teichmann & Zan Zuric, 2021. "Deep Hedging under Rough Volatility," Papers 2102.01962, arXiv.org.
    10. Haoyang Cao & Xin Guo, 2021. "Generative Adversarial Network: Some Analytical Perspectives," Papers 2104.12210, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2021.
    11. Solveig Flaig & Gero Junike, 2021. "Scenario generation for market risk models using generative neural networks," Papers 2109.10072, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2023.
    12. Christa Cuchiero & Wahid Khosrawi & Josef Teichmann, 2020. "A generative adversarial network approach to calibration of local stochastic volatility models," Papers 2005.02505, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2020.
    13. Magnus Wiese & Phillip Murray, 2022. "Risk-Neutral Market Simulation," Papers 2202.13996, arXiv.org.
    14. Vedant Choudhary & Sebastian Jaimungal & Maxime Bergeron, 2023. "FuNVol: A Multi-Asset Implied Volatility Market Simulator using Functional Principal Components and Neural SDEs," Papers 2303.00859, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    15. Assouli, Mouhcine & Missaoui, Badr, 2023. "Deep learning for Mean Field Games with non-separable Hamiltonians," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    16. Hans Buhler & Blanka Horvath & Terry Lyons & Imanol Perez Arribas & Ben Wood, 2020. "A Data-driven Market Simulator for Small Data Environments," Papers 2006.14498, arXiv.org.
    17. Michael Karpe, 2020. "An overall view of key problems in algorithmic trading and recent progress," Papers 2006.05515, arXiv.org.
    18. Solveig Flaig & Gero Junike, 2022. "Scenario Generation for Market Risk Models Using Generative Neural Networks," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-28, October.
    19. Weilong Fu & Ali Hirsa & Jorg Osterrieder, 2022. "Simulating financial time series using attention," Papers 2207.00493, arXiv.org.
    20. Blanka Horvath & Josef Teichmann & Žan Žurič, 2021. "Deep Hedging under Rough Volatility," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-20, July.
    21. Hans Buehler & Phillip Murray & Mikko S. Pakkanen & Ben Wood, 2021. "Deep Hedging: Learning Risk-Neutral Implied Volatility Dynamics," Papers 2103.11948, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2021.
    22. Zacharia Issa & Blanka Horvath, 2023. "Non-parametric online market regime detection and regime clustering for multidimensional and path-dependent data structures," Papers 2306.15835, arXiv.org.

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