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Working Paper 104 - Technology Gap and Efficiency in Cocoa Production in West and Central Africa: Implications for Cocoa Sector Development

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Abstract

This paper applies the recentlydeveloped metafrontier functiontechnique to investigate productivitypotentials and efficiencies in cocoaproduction in West and Central Africa.The methodology enables the estimationof national technology gap ratios (TGRs)by using a decomposition resultinvolving both the national productionfrontiers and the (regional)metaproduction frontier. Empiricalresults are derived using acomprehensive dataset collected duringone of the larger surveys of cocoafarmers in four West and Central Africacountries, namely Cameroon, Ghana,Nigeria and Cote d’Ivoire. The data andanalysis support the view that technicalefficiency in cocoa production is globallylow, and technology gap plays animportant part in explaining the ability ofcocoa sector in one country to competewith cocoa sectors in other countries inthe West and Central Africa region. Thepaper ends by highlighting relevantstrategies for sustainable cocoadevelopment in Africa.

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  • Guy Nkamleu & Joachim Nyemeck & Jim Gockowsk, 2010. "Working Paper 104 - Technology Gap and Efficiency in Cocoa Production in West and Central Africa: Implications for Cocoa Sector Development," Working Paper Series 241, African Development Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:adb:adbwps:241
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    1. Ahamefule, B.A. & Igwe, C.O.K. & Offor, E.I. & Ekweanya, N.M. & Oyema, V.C., 2017. "Profitability and operational efficiencies of cocoa marketing in Abia State, Nigeria," Nigerian Agricultural Policy Research Journal (NAPReJ), Agricultural Policy Research Network (APRNet), vol. 3(1), November.
    2. T. S. Mnimbo & J. Lyimo-Macha & J. K. Urassa & H. F. Mahoo & S. D. Tumbo & F. Graef, 2017. "Influence of gender on roles, choices of crop types and value chain upgrading strategies in semi-arid and sub-humid Tanzania," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 9(6), pages 1173-1187, December.
    3. Aminu, F.O. & Ayinde, I.A., 2021. "Technical Efficiency and Technology Gap Ratio in Cocoa Production in Nigeria: A Stochastic Metafrontier-Tobit (Sm-Tobit) Approach," Research on World Agricultural Economy, Nan Yang Academy of Sciences Pte Ltd (NASS), vol. 2(3), July.
    4. Bi Goli Jean Jacques Iritié & Fabrice Soukou Djaléga, 2016. "Diversification of income sources for cocoa farm households: a case study of the Central West of Côte d'Ivoire," African Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 5(3), pages 230-265.
    5. Besseah, Felix A. & Kim, Sangho, 2014. "Technical Efficiency of Cocoa Farmers in Ghana," Journal of Rural Development/Nongchon-Gyeongje, Korea Rural Economic Institute, vol. 37(2), pages 1-24.
    6. Andras Tothmihaly, & Verina Ingram., 2017. "How can the productivity of Indonesian cocoa farms be increased?," GlobalFood Discussion Papers 258588, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen, GlobalFood, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development.
    7. Onumah, Justina A. & Williams, Portia Adade & Quaye, Wilhelmina & Akuffobea, Mavis & Onumah, Edward E., 2014. "Smallholder Cocoa Farmers Access to On/Off-Farm Support Services and its Contribution to Output in the Eastern Region of Ghana," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society (AESS), vol. 4(10), pages 1-12, October.
    8. Tothmihaly, Andras & Ingram, Verina & von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan, 2019. "How Can the Environmental Efficiency of Indonesian Cocoa Farms Be Increased?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 134-145.
    9. Oladapo, A. & Shittu, A. M. & Agbonlahor, M. U. & Fapojuwo, O. E., 2012. "Credit Use and Production Efficiency of Cocoa Farms in Ondo State, Nigeria," Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Nigerian Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. 3(1).
    10. Verina Ingram & Fedes Van Rijn & Yuca Waarts & Henk Gilhuis, 2018. "The Impacts of Cocoa Sustainability Initiatives in West Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, November.
    11. Obeng, Isaac Antwarko & Adu, Kofi Osei, 2016. "Technical efficiency in Ghana's cocoa production: evidence from Twifo Hemang Lower Denkyira Area," MPRA Paper 69679, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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