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La medición del capital humano de los países de la OCDE

In: Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación 6

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Author Info

  • Gregorio Giménez Esteban

    () (Universidad de Zaragoza)

  • Carmen López Pueyo

    () (Universidad de Zaragoza)

  • Jaime Sanaú Villarroya

    () (Universidad de Zaragoza)

Abstract

Las modernas teorías explicativas del crecimiento económico sostienen que el capital humano es una de las variables más relevantes del mismo. Sin embargo, los estudios aplicados -que suelen aproximar el capital humano a través de las tasas de alfabetización, los niveles de escolarización o los años medios de estudio- no siempre encuentran que sea una variable estadísticamente significativa. Dado que esas tres medidas presentan serias limitaciones, parece razonable emplear indicadores que palíen tales deficiencias. Las propuestas más novedosas tratan bien de cuantificar el valor económico del capital humano, atendiendo a las diferencias en productividad y salarios con origen en los distintos niveles formativos, bien de evaluar directamente la calidad educativa y el nivel de conocimientos de cada país. En este trabajo se presenta dos variantes de un indicador de capital humano que facilita las comparaciones entre países, ofreciendo más matices y aportando más información que los tradicionales. El indicador tiene en cuenta, por un lado, la dimensión cuantitativa del capital humano, a través del cálculo de las horas de trabajo corregidas por productividad, en función de niveles educativos. Además, considera la dimensión cualitativa del concepto y corrige las horas trabajadas por las diferencias en habilidades y conocimientos existentes entre países.En el estudio también se realizan contrastes de causalidad de Granger para analizar en una muestra de países de la OCDE la relación entre el indicador de capital humano propuesto y los de tecnología más habitualmente empleados en la literatura empírica, concluyendo que las dos variantes del indicador la recogen de forma más consistente que las medidas de capital humano tradicionales.

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This chapter was published in:

  • Antonio Caparrós Ruiz (ed.), 2011. "Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación," E-books Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación, Asociación de Economía de la Educación, edition 1, volume 6, number 06.
    This item is provided by Asociación de Economía de la Educación in its series Investigaciones de Economía de la Educación volume 6 with number 06-57.

    Handle: RePEc:aec:ieed06:06-57

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    Web page: http://www.economicsofeducation.com
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    Related research

    Keywords: capital humano; tecnología; OCDE; test de causalidad;

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