IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/wsi/jecxxx/v25y2017i04ns0218495817500133.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Best of Both Worlds? Persistent Hybrid Entrepreneurship

Author

Listed:
  • Anmari Viljamaa

    (School of Business and Culture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Finland)

  • Elina Varamäki

    (School of Business and Culture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Finland)

  • Sanna Joensuu-Salo

    (School of Business and Culture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, Finland)

Abstract

Hybrid entrepreneurs (HEs) represent a considerable share of all entrepreneurial activity. Yet little is known about the phenomenon. In this study we examine the differences between transitory HEs, who expect to make the transition to full-time entrepreneurship, and persistent HEs, who view their part-time status as permanent. With data collected from 848 academic HEs we find that only a small minority considers full self-employment likely in the near future and that self-fulfillment is the most significant motive for entrepreneurial activities. The results suggest that persistent hybrid entrepreneurship should be viewed as a form of entrepreneurship in its own right, and that even partial entrepreneurship has the potential to lengthen careers and improve wellbeing at work. Hybrid entrepreneurship offers the entrepreneurially inclined employees the best of both worlds.

Suggested Citation

  • Anmari Viljamaa & Elina Varamäki & Sanna Joensuu-Salo, 2017. "Best of Both Worlds? Persistent Hybrid Entrepreneurship," Journal of Enterprising Culture (JEC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 25(04), pages 339-359, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wsi:jecxxx:v:25:y:2017:i:04:n:s0218495817500133
    DOI: 10.1142/S0218495817500133
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S0218495817500133
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1142/S0218495817500133?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Timothy B. Folta & Frédéric Delmar & Karl Wennberg, 2010. "Hybrid Entrepreneurship," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 56(2), pages 253-269, February.
    2. Cassar, Gavin, 2006. "Entrepreneur opportunity costs and intended venture growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 610-632, September.
    3. Wassim Aloulou & Alain Fayolle, 2005. "A Conceptual Approach Of Entrepreneurial Orientation Within Small Business Context," Journal of Enterprising Culture (JEC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 13(01), pages 21-45.
    4. Carol Moore & Richard Mueller, 2002. "The transition from paid to self-employment in Canada: the importance of push factors," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(6), pages 791-801.
    5. Evan J. Douglas & Dean A. Shepherd, 2002. "Self-Employment as a Career Choice: Attitudes, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Utility Maximization," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 26(3), pages 81-90, April.
    6. C. Praag & Peter Versloot, 2007. "What is the value of entrepreneurship? A review of recent research," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 29(4), pages 351-382, December.
    7. Marco Gelderen & Roy Thurik & Niels Bosma, 2006. "Success and Risk Factors in the Pre-Startup Phase," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 319-335, May.
    8. Kuhn, Kristine M., 2016. "The Rise of the “Gig Economy†and Implications for Understanding Work and Workers," Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Cambridge University Press, vol. 9(1), pages 157-162, March.
    9. A. Fayolle & W. Aloulou, 2005. "A Conceptual Approach of the Entrepreneurial Orientation Within the Small Business Context," Post-Print halshs-00094453, HAL.
    10. Alejandro Mungaray & Martin Ramirez-Urquidy, 2011. "Full And Part-Time Entrepreneurship And The Supply Of Entrepreneurial Effort: Evidence From Mexican Microenterprises," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 16(04), pages 441-458.
    11. Pekka Belt & Kaarlo Paloniemi & Janne Sinisammal, 2015. "One-Person Enterprises and Business Growth," Journal of Enterprising Culture (JEC), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(03), pages 381-404, September.
    12. Alain Fayolle & Wassim Aloulou, 2005. "A conceptual approach of entrepreneurial orientation within small business context," Post-Print hal-02311766, HAL.
    13. Davidsson, Per, 1989. "Entrepreneurship -- And after? A study of growth willingness in small firms," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 4(3), pages 211-226, May.
    14. Andrew Burke & Felix FitzRoy & Michael Nolan, 2008. "What makes a die-hard entrepreneur? Beyond the ‘employee or entrepreneur’ dichotomy," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 93-115, August.
    15. Westhead, Paul & Wright, Mike, 1998. "Novice, portfolio, and serial founders: are they different?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 173-204, May.
    16. Kameliia Petrova, 2012. "Part-time entrepreneurship and financial constraints: evidence from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 473-493, September.
    17. Thomas Lange, 2012. "Job satisfaction and self-employment: autonomy or personality?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 165-177, February.
    18. James Curran & Robert A Blackburn, 2001. "Older People and the Enterprise Society: Age and Self-Employment Propensities," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 15(4), pages 889-902, December.
    19. Davidsson, Per, 1991. "Continued entrepreneurship: Ability, need, and opportunity as determinants of small firm growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 6(6), pages 405-429, November.
    20. Erno T. Tornikoski & Anmari Viljamaa & Elina Varamäki, 2015. "Hybrid Entrepreneurship during Retirement: Comparison of Motives and Aspirations," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Natalie Sappleton & Fernando Lourenço (ed.), Entrepreneurship, Self-Employment and Retirement, chapter 8, pages 187-208, Palgrave Macmillan.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jörn H. Block & Andreas Landgraf, 2016. "Transition from part-time entrepreneurship to full-time entrepreneurship: the role of financial and non-financial motives," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 259-282, March.
    2. Jolanda Hessels & Marco Gelderen & Roy Thurik, 2008. "Entrepreneurial aspirations, motivations, and their drivers," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 31(3), pages 323-339, October.
    3. HERMANS, Julie & VANDERSTRAETEN, Johanna & DEJARDIN, Marcus & RAMDANI, Dendi & STAM, Erik & VAN WITTELOOSTUIJN, Arjen, 2012. "Ambitious entrepreneurship: Antecedents and consequences," Working Papers 2012023, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    4. Kun Fu & Anne-Sophie Larsson & Karl Wennberg, 2018. "Habitual entrepreneurs in the making: how labour market rigidity and employment affects entrepreneurial re-entry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(2), pages 465-482, August.
    5. Klyver, Kim & Steffens, Paul & Lomberg, Carina, 2020. "Having your cake and eating it too? A two-stage model of the impact of employment and parallel job search on hybrid nascent entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(5).
    6. Yan Ling & María Concepción López-Fernández & Ana María Serrano-Bedia & Franz W. Kellermanns, 2020. "Organizational culture and entrepreneurial orientation: examination through a new conceptualization lens," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 709-737, June.
    7. Douglas, Evan J., 2013. "Reconstructing entrepreneurial intentions to identify predisposition for growth," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 633-651.
    8. Erik Stam & Roy Thurik & Peter van der Zwan, 2010. "Entrepreneurial exit in real and imagined markets," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 19(4), pages 1109-1139, August.
    9. Niklas Elert, 2014. "What determines entry? Evidence from Sweden," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 53(1), pages 55-92, August.
    10. Verheul, Ingrid & Thurik, Roy & Grilo, Isabel & van der Zwan, Peter, 2012. "Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 325-341.
    11. Chung, Henry F.L. & Kingshott, Russel P.J. & MacDonald, Robyn V.G. & Putranta, Martinus Parnawa, 2021. "Dynamism and B2B firm performance: The dark and bright contingent role of B2B relationships," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 250-259.
    12. Wickramaratne, Aruni & Kiminami, Akira & Yagi, Hironori, 2017. "External relationships and entrepreneurial orientation of tea manufacturing firms in Sri Lanka," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 20(3), January.
    13. David R. Marshall & Robert Gigliotti, 2020. "Bound for entrepreneurship? A career-theoretical perspective on entrepreneurial intentions," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 287-303, March.
    14. Engelen, Andreas, 2010. "Entrepreneurial orientation as a function of national cultural variations in two countries," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 354-368, December.
    15. Pureta, Igor & Pureta, Tanja, 2017. "Entrepreneurial orientation of employees," MPRA Paper 89208, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Laffineur, Catherine & Dubard Barbosa, Saulo & Fayolle, Alain & Montmartin, Benjamin, 2020. "The unshackled entrepreneur: Occupational determinants of entrepreneurial effort," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(5).
    17. van Stel, André & Kaciak, Eugene & Cieślik, Jerzy, 2020. "Hiring plans by solo entrepreneurs at the time of start-up: The role of education and the desire for self-expression," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 58-66.
    18. Hannu Tervo, 2014. "Who turns to entrepreneurship later in life? - Push and pull in Finnish rural and urban areas," ERSA conference papers ersa14p236, European Regional Science Association.
    19. Ibrahim Al-Jubari, 2019. "College Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: Testing an Integrated Model of SDT and TPB," SAGE Open, , vol. 9(2), pages 21582440198, May.
    20. Claudia Lood Alayón & Kristina Säfsten & Glenn Johansson, 2022. "Barriers and Enablers for the Adoption of Sustainable Manufacturing by Manufacturing SMEs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-34, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:wsi:jecxxx:v:25:y:2017:i:04:n:s0218495817500133. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Tai Tone Lim (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.worldscinet.com/jec/jec.shtml .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.