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The sensitivity of financial distress prediction models to departures from normality

Author

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  • WILLIAM HOPWOOD
  • JAMES McKEOWN
  • JANE MUTCHLER

Abstract

. This research empirically investigated the effect of nonnormality on financial stress prediction. The analysis included the application of probit, logit and multiple discriminant analysis to prediction models found in previous literature, and also involved separate samples for both bankrupt and problem†status companies. Finally, the statistical techniques were evaluated under extreme conditions of nonnormality. Two basic procedures were used to modify the ratio distributions to achieve normality. These included a square†root transformation procedure and an outlier deletion procedure. Results were compared using both a univariate and a multivariate technique to identify and remove outliers. The results indicate the general sensitivity of the multiple discriminant analysis technique to departures from normality and the sensitivity of the logit and probit techniques to extreme nonnormality. The data indicate that researchers interested in assessing classification accuracy might benefit by testing for distributional sensitivity using procedures outlined in this research. Resumé. Les auteurs ont procédé à une analyse empirique de l'incidence des écarts par rapport à la normalité sur la prévision des contraintes financières. L'analyse comporte l'application du probit, du logit et de l'analyse à discriminants multiples aux modèles prévisionnnels que l'on trouve dans des publications, et l'on a eu recours à des échantillons distincts tant pour les sociétés en situation de faillite que pour les sociétés en difficulté. Enfin, les techniques statistiques ont été évaluees dans des conditions extrêmes d'écart par rapport à la normalité. Deux méthodes fondamentales ont été utilisées pour modifier les distributions de ratios de façon à parvenir à la normalité. Ces méthodes comprennent un procédé de transformation de la racine carrée et un procédé d'élimination des éléments isolés. Les résultats obtenus ont été comparés à l'aide d'une technique univariée ainsi que d'une technique multivariée pour repérer et supprimer les éléments isolés. Les résultats indiquent la sensibilité générale de la technique d'analyse à discriminants multiples aux déviations par rapport à la normalité et la sensibilité des techniques logit et probit aux écarts extrêmes par rapport à la normalité. Ces données révèlent que les chercheurs qui s'intéressent à l'évaluation de l'axactitude de la classification pourraient tirer profit d'une vérification de la sensibilité de la distribution au moyen des méthodes décrites par les auteurs.

Suggested Citation

  • WILLIAM HOPWOOD & JAMES McKEOWN & JANE MUTCHLER, 1988. "The sensitivity of financial distress prediction models to departures from normality," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 5(1), pages 284-298, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:5:y:1988:i:1:p:284-298
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1911-3846.1988.tb00706.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Deakin, Eb, 1972. "Discriminant Analysis Of Predictors Of Business Failure," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(1), pages 167-179.
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    3. Pasiouras, Fotios & Gaganis, Chrysovalantis & Zopounidis, Constantin, 2007. "Multicriteria decision support methodologies for auditing decisions: The case of qualified audit reports in the UK," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 180(3), pages 1317-1330, August.
    4. Ahsan Habib & Mabel D' Costa & Hedy Jiaying Huang & Md. Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan & Li Sun, 2020. "Determinants and consequences of financial distress: review of the empirical literature," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(S1), pages 1023-1075, April.
    5. Pasiouras, Fotios & Tanna, Sailesh & Zopounidis, Constantin, 2007. "The identification of acquisition targets in the EU banking industry: An application of multicriteria approaches," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 262-281.
    6. Luca Ianni & Gianluca Marullo & Stefania Migliori & Francesco De Luca, 2021. "I modelli predittivi della crisi e dell?insolvenza aziendale. Una systematic review," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2021(2), pages 127-146.
    7. Stefania Vignini & Tiziana De Cristofaro, 2018. "Impatto della crisi economica su redditivit? e rischio finanziario delle imprese romagnole. Una cluster analysis," MANAGEMENT CONTROL, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2018(3), pages 157-181.
    8. Chrysovalantis Gaganis, 2009. "Classification techniques for the identification of falsified financial statements: a comparative analysis," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 207-229, July.
    9. Nisansala Wijekoon & A. Abdul Azeez, 2015. "An Integrated Model to Predict Corporate Failure of Listed Companies in Sri Lanka," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 5(7), pages 1-14, July.
    10. Gregory D. Kane & Frederick M. Richardson & Nancy L. Meade, 1998. "Rank Transformations and the Prediction of Corporate Failure," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(2), pages 145-166, June.
    11. Barniv, Ran & Mehrez, Abraham & Kline, Douglas M., 2000. "Confidence intervals for controlling the probability of bankruptcy," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 555-565, October.
    12. Nisansala Wijekoon & A. Abdul Azeez, 2015. "An Integrated Model to Predict Corporate Failure of Listed Companies in Sri Lanka," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 5(7), pages 1-14, July.

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