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Express Yourself: Why Managers' Disclosure Tone Varies Across Time and What Investors Learn From It

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  • John L. Campbell
  • Hye Seung “Grace” Lee
  • Hsin‐Min Lu
  • Logan B. Steele

Abstract

We argue that volatility in a manager's disclosure tone across time should be a function of two components: (i) the firm's innate operating risk and (ii) the extent to which the manager's disclosure transparently reflects that risk. Consistent with this argument, we find that both operating risk and disclosure transparency are important determinants of disclosure tone volatility. We then examine whether investors incorporate the incremental information provided by disclosure tone volatility into their assessments of firm risk. If disclosure tone volatility primarily provides investors with incremental information about a firm's operating risk, we should find a positive association between tone volatility and market‐based assessments of risk. On the other hand, if disclosure tone volatility primarily provides investors with incremental information about a manager's disclosure transparency, we should find a negative association between tone volatility and market‐based assessments of risk. Consistent with an operating risk explanation, we find a positive association between disclosure tone volatility and market‐based assessments of firm risk after controlling for a comprehensive set of proxies for operating risk and transparency. We find little support for an information risk explanation, even when we examine multiple measures specifically designed to capture information risk. Taken together, our results suggest that although disclosure tone volatility is a function of both a firm's operating risk and a manager's disclosure transparency, investors appear to respond as if disclosure tone volatility only provides incremental information about a firm's operating risk. Exprimez‐vous : pourquoi l'angle sous lequel les dirigeants communiquent l'information varie dans le temps et qu'en concluent les investisseurs? Les auteurs avancent que la volatilité temporelle de l'angle sous lequel un dirigeant communique l'information (angle de communication) devrait dépendre de deux paramètres : 1) le risque lié à l'exploitation inhérent à l'entreprise et 2) le degré de transparence avec lequel l'information communiquée par le dirigeant reflète ce risque. Conformément à cette hypothèse, les auteurs constatent que le risque lié à l'exploitation et la transparence de l'information sont l'un et l'autre d'importants déterminants de la volatilité de l'angle de communication. Ils se demandent ensuite si les investisseurs intègrent les renseignements supplémentaires que livre cette volatilité de l'angle de communication à leur évaluation du risque d'entreprise. Si la volatilité de l'angle de communication livre principalement aux investisseurs des renseignements supplémentaires au sujet du risque lié à l'exploitation auquel est exposée une entreprise, un lien positif devrait être observé entre la volatilité de l'angle de communication et les évaluations du risque fondées sur le marché. En revanche, si la volatilité de l'angle de communication livre principalement aux investisseurs des renseignements supplémentaires au sujet de la transparence de l'information que communique un gestionnaire, un lien négatif devrait être observé entre la volatilité de l'angle de communication et les évaluations du risque fondées sur le marché. En accord avec l'explication du risque lié à l'exploitation, les auteurs relèvent l'existence d'un lien positif entre la volatilité de l'angle de communication et les évaluations du risque d'entreprise fondées sur le marché, après avoir contrôlé un ensemble exhaustif de variables substitutives du risque lié à l'exploitation et de la transparence. Peu de données à l'appui de l'explication du risque lié à l'information ressortent de leur analyse, bien qu'ils aient recours à de multiples indicateurs précisément conçus pour évaluer le risque lié à l'information. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats qu'ils obtiennent donnent à penser que, même si la volatilité de l'angle de communication est fonction tant du risque lié à l'exploitation de l'entreprise que de la transparence de l'information communiquée par le dirigeant, les investisseurs semblent réagir comme si la volatilité de l'angle de communication livrait uniquement des renseignements supplémentaires au sujet du risque lié à l'exploitation de l'entreprise.

Suggested Citation

  • John L. Campbell & Hye Seung “Grace” Lee & Hsin‐Min Lu & Logan B. Steele, 2020. "Express Yourself: Why Managers' Disclosure Tone Varies Across Time and What Investors Learn From It," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(2), pages 1140-1171, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:37:y:2020:i:2:p:1140-1171
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12561
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