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Aid and growth: New evidence using an excludable instrument

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  • Axel Dreher
  • Sarah Langlotz

Abstract

. We use an excludable instrument to test the effect of bilateral foreign aid on economic growth in a sample of 97 recipient countries over the 1974–2013 period. Our instrument interacts donor government fractionalization with a recipient country's probability of receiving aid. The results show that fractionalization increases donors’ aid budgets, representing the variation over time of our instrument, while the probability of receiving aid introduces variation across recipient countries. Controlling for country‐ and period‐specific fixed effects that capture the levels of the interacted variables, the interaction provides a powerful and excludable instrument. Making use of the instrument, our results show a positive but insignificant effect of aid on growth. We also investigate the effect of aid on consumption, savings, investments and net exports and investigate heterogeneity according to the quality of economic policy, democracy and the Cold War period. We find that aid increases investment and consumption, while it decreases net exports. In no regression do we find that aid affects growth. However, the coefficients from the instrumental variables regressions are also not statistically different from the positive and significant OLS estimates. Résumé. Aide et croissance : nouveaux éléments de preuve grâce à un instrument exclusif. À l’aide d’un instrument exclusif, nous évaluons l’impact de l’aide étrangère bilatérale sur la croissance économique d’un échantillon de 97 pays bénéficiaires entre 1974 et 2013. Notre instrument met en interaction le fractionnement de l’aide apportée par les gouvernements contributeurs et la probabilité qu’un pays bénéficiaire puisse recevoir de l’aide extérieure. Les résultats suggèrent qu’en matière d’aide, le fractionnement entraîne une augmentation des budgets des pays contributeurs, constituant ainsi la variable dans le temps de notre instrument. La probabilité de recevoir de l’aide, quant à elle, introduit la variable parmi les pays bénéficiaires. Cette mise en interaction, tenant compte des effets fixes spécifiques au niveau des pays et des périodes, et reflétant le niveau des variables dépendantes, offre un outil puissant et exclusif. Grâce à cet instrument, nos résultats indiquent que l’aide extérieure exerce une relation positive mais négligeable sur la croissance. Dans cet article, nous étudions également l’effet de l’aide étrangère sur la consommation, l’épargne, l’investissement et les exportations nettes, ainsi que l’hétérogénéité à l’aune de la qualité des politiques économiques, du niveau démocratique et de la période de guerre froide. Nous constatons que l’aide étrangère permet d’augmenter l’investissement et la consommation, mais à tendance à diminuer les exportations nettes. Hors modèle de régression, nous constatons que l’aide extérieure exerce une incidence sur la croissance. Néanmoins, les coefficients issus des régressions à variables instrumentales ne sont pas statistiquement différents des estimations positives et significatives réalisées par la méthode des moindres carrés ordinaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Axel Dreher & Sarah Langlotz, 2020. "Aid and growth: New evidence using an excludable instrument," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(3), pages 1162-1198, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:53:y:2020:i:3:p:1162-1198
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12455
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O19 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • F35 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Aid
    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

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