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A European comparison of the costs and risks of mortgages for owner-occupiers

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  • Peter Neuteboom

Abstract

Mortgage take-up by homeowners differs enormously across Europe. The loan-to-value and loan-to-income ratios are quite dissimilar, ranging from some 20% and 0.9 respectively in Italy to more than 90% and 3.5 respectively in some countries in northwest Europe. In addition, the mortgage characteristics vary from a short-term serial loan to a high-risk endowment mortgage based on shares. To a certain extent, a statistical comparison of the loan-to-value and loan-to-income ratios can provide a good indication of the risks that owner-occupiers run in financing their own home. At the same time, this kind of comparison ignores the causes of the risks, namely the volatility or uncertainty of future interest rates, house prices and changes in income. It also disregards the main mortgage characteristics, the cost of taking out a mortgage, and the direct and indirect subsidies, including interest deductibility, factors that have a big influence on the real costs and risks for homeowners. A Monte Carlo simulation model (simulating house prices, interest rates and inflation for the duration of the mortgage) was used to calculate the net mortgage repayments and the associated mortgage risk. This simulation was undertaken for each of the countries concerned, using the typical mortgage characteristics, etc. The costs and risks of a mortgage in various countries of Europe could then be compared.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Neuteboom, 2003. "A European comparison of the costs and risks of mortgages for owner-occupiers," European Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 3(2), pages 155-171.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurjhp:v:3:y:2003:i:2:p:155-171
    DOI: 10.1080/14616710303617
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Boyle, Phelim & Broadie, Mark & Glasserman, Paul, 1997. "Monte Carlo methods for security pricing," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 21(8-9), pages 1267-1321, June.
    2. Sheila Jasanoff, 1993. "Bridging the Two Cultures of Risk Analysis," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(2), pages 123-129, April.
    3. Babak Eftekhari & Christian Pedersen & Stephen Satchell, 2000. "On the volatility of measures of financial risk: an investigation using returns from European markets," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 18-38.
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    Cited by:

    1. Diaz-Serrano, Luis, 2005. "Labor income uncertainty, skewness and homeownership: A panel data study for Germany and Spain," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 156-176, July.
    2. Diaz-Serrano, Luis, 2004. "Labour Income Uncertainty, Risk Aversion and Home Ownership," IZA Discussion Papers 1008, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Manuel B. Aalbers, 2009. "The Globalization and Europeanization of Mortgage Markets," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 389-410, June.
    4. Diaz-Serrano, Luis, 2005. "Income volatility and residential mortgage delinquency across the EU," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 153-177, September.
    5. Luis Diaz-Serrano, 2003. "Earnings Uncertainty, Risk-Aversion and Homeownership," Economics Department Working Paper Series n135020.pdf, Department of Economics, National University of Ireland - Maynooth.

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