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Monotonicity implies linearity: characterizations of convex combinations of solutions to cooperative games

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  • Koji Yokote

    (Waseda University)

  • Yukihiko Funaki

    (Waseda University)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive characterization of linear solutions to cooperative games by using monotonicity. A monotonicity axiom states an increase in certain parameters of a game as a hypothesis and states an increase in a player’s payoff as a conclusion. We focus on various parameters of a game and introduce new axioms. Combined with previous results, we prove that efficiency, symmetry and a monotonicity axiom characterize (i) four linear solutions in the literature, namely, the Shapley value, the equal division value, the CIS value and the ENSC value, and (ii) a class of solutions obtained by taking a convex combination of the above solutions. Our methodological contribution is to provide a new linear algebraic approach for characterizing solutions by monotonicity. Using a new basis of the linear space of TU games, we identify a class of games in which a solution that satisfies monotonicity is linear. Our approach provides some intuition for why monotonicity implies linearity.

Suggested Citation

  • Koji Yokote & Yukihiko Funaki, 2017. "Monotonicity implies linearity: characterizations of convex combinations of solutions to cooperative games," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 49(1), pages 171-203, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sochwe:v:49:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1007_s00355-017-1056-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s00355-017-1056-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. René Brink & Yukihiko Funaki, 2009. "Axiomatizations of a Class of Equal Surplus Sharing Solutions for TU-Games," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 67(3), pages 303-340, September.
    2. Oishi, Takayuki & Nakayama, Mikio & Hokari, Toru & Funaki, Yukihiko, 2016. "Duality and anti-duality in TU games applied to solutions, axioms, and axiomatizations," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 44-53.
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    6. Casajus, André & Huettner, Frank, 2014. "Weakly monotonic solutions for cooperative games," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 162-172.
    7. Koji Yokote & Yukihiko Funaki, 2015. "Weak Surplus Mononicity characterizes convex combination of egalitarian Shapley value and Consensus value," Working Papers 1504, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
    8. Casajus, André & Huettner, Frank, 2013. "Null players, solidarity, and the egalitarian Shapley values," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 58-61.
    9. Sundaram,Rangarajan K., 1996. "A First Course in Optimization Theory," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521497701.
    10. René Brink & Yukihiko Funaki & Yuan Ju, 2013. "Reconciling marginalism with egalitarianism: consistency, monotonicity, and implementation of egalitarian Shapley values," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 40(3), pages 693-714, March.
    11. van den Brink, Rene, 2007. "Null or nullifying players: The difference between the Shapley value and equal division solutions," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 136(1), pages 767-775, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Borkotokey, Surajit & Choudhury, Dhrubajit & Kumar, Rajnish & Sarangi, Sudipta, 2020. "Consolidating Marginalism and Egalitarianism: A New Value for Transferable Utility Games," QBS Working Paper Series 2020/12, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Business School.
    2. Takumi Kongo, 2018. "Effects of Players’ Nullification and Equal (Surplus) Division Values," International Game Theory Review (IGTR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(01), pages 1-14, March.
    3. Kongo, Takumi, 2019. "Players’ nullification and the weighted (surplus) division values," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Zhengxing Zou & René Brink & Youngsub Chun & Yukihiko Funaki, 2021. "Axiomatizations of the proportional division value," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 57(1), pages 35-62, July.
    5. Dhrubajit Choudhury & Surajit Borkotokey & Rajnish Kumar & Sudipta Sarangi, 2021. "The Egalitarian Shapley value: a generalization based on coalition sizes," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 301(1), pages 55-63, June.
    6. Zhang, Li & Xu, Genjiu & Sun, Hao & Li, Wenzhong, 2023. "Players’ dummification and the dummified egalitarian non-separable contribution value," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    7. Koji Yokote & Takumi Kongo & Yukihiko Funaki, 2021. "Redistribution to the less productive: parallel characterizations of the egalitarian Shapley and consensus values," Theory and Decision, Springer, vol. 91(1), pages 81-98, July.
    8. Rogna, Marco, 2021. "The central core and the mid-central core as novel set-valued and point-valued solution concepts for transferable utility coalitional games," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-11.
    9. Zou, Zhengxing & van den Brink, René, 2020. "Equal loss under separatorization and egalitarian values," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    10. Surajit Borkotokey & Loyimee Gogoi & Dhrubajit Choudhury & Rajnish Kumar, 2022. "Solidarity induced by group contributions: the MI $$^k$$ k -value for transferable utility games," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 1267-1290, April.
    11. Besner, Manfred, 2022. "The grand surplus value and repeated cooperative cross-games with coalitional collaboration," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    12. Takumi Kongo, 2020. "Similarities in axiomatizations: equal surplus division value and first-price auctions," Review of Economic Design, Springer;Society for Economic Design, vol. 24(3), pages 199-213, December.
    13. Takaaki Abe & Satoshi Nakada, 2018. "Generalized Potentials, Value, and Core," Discussion Paper Series DP2018-19, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    14. Koji Yokote & Takumi Kongo & Yukihiko Funaki, 2019. "Relationally equal treatment of equals and affine combinations of values for TU games," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 53(2), pages 197-212, August.

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