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Maklergebühren und Grunderwerbsteuer als Wertsteuer mit aufgeteilter Zahllast: Eine ökonomische Analyse des „Bestellerprinzips“
[Real-Estate Purchase Tax and the Fees of Real-Estate Agents as a Shared Ad-Valorem Tax: An Economic Analysis of a German Law Reform]

Author

Listed:
  • Roland Kirstein

    (Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg)

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Aus der Literatur ist bekannt, dass die ökonomische Wirkung einer Mengensteuer unabhängig davon ist, welche Marktseite die Steuer zu zahlen hat. Marktergebnis und Steuerertrag hängen nur vom Steuersatz ab. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, dass dieses Neutralitätsresultat bei einer Wertsteuer, die mit konstantem Steuersatz auf den Nettomarktpreis aufgeschlagen wird, nicht gilt. Die Handelsmenge, der Nettopreis und der Steuerertrag hängen bei gegebenem Wertsteuersatz davon ab, wie die Zahllast zwischen den Marktseiten aufgeteilt wird. Die gehandelte Menge fällt am geringsten aus, wenn die Verkäufer die Wertsteuer zu zahlen haben, und steigt mit dem Anteil, den die Käufer zu zahlen haben. Die Steuerlast beider Marktseiten ist normalerweise (bei niedrigen Steuersätzen) am größten, wenn die Zahllast allein bei den Verkäufern liegt. Die relative steuerliche Belastung der beiden Marktseiten wird dagegen nicht von der Aufteilung beeinflusst. Wird also die Zahllast einer Wertsteuer von den Käufern auf die Verkäufer umgeschichtet, so hat dies für die Käuferseite keine Entlastungswirkung, ist jedoch allokativ ineffizient. Diese Erkenntnisse werden auf zwei aktuelle Gesetzesreformen angewandt: die Einführung des „Bestellerprinzips“ für Maklercourtagen im Markt für Miet- und Kaufimmobilien. Für Mietwohnungen wurde diese Reform bereits im Jahre 2015 implementiert; im Falle des Immobilienkaufs erwägt die Bundesregierung derzeit die Einführung. Maklercourtage, Grunderwerbsteuer sowie Gerichts- und Notargebühren sind prozentuale Aufschläge auf den vertraglich vereinbarten Nettopreis, bilden also zusammen eine Art Wertsteuer. Die formale Analyse legt den Schluss nahe, dass beide Gesetzesreformen allokative Ineffizienz fördern, jedoch weder Mieter noch Hauskäufer entlasten.

Suggested Citation

  • Roland Kirstein, 2019. "Maklergebühren und Grunderwerbsteuer als Wertsteuer mit aufgeteilter Zahllast: Eine ökonomische Analyse des „Bestellerprinzips“ [Real-Estate Purchase Tax and the Fees of Real-Estate Agents as a Sha," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 71(3), pages 217-243, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:sjobre:v:71:y:2019:i:3:d:10.1007_s41471-019-00077-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s41471-019-00077-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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