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Implications of a changing climate on food security and smallholders’ livelihoods in Bogotá, Colombia

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  • Anton Eitzinger
  • Peter Läderach
  • Christian Bunn
  • Audberto Quiroga
  • Andreas Benedikter
  • Antonio Pantoja
  • Jason Gordon
  • Michele Bruni

Abstract

Small farmers who supply the city of Bogotá with food are facing many challenges that are jeopardizing their livelihoods and by extension, the food security of Colombia’s capital. We expect future changes in climatic conditions to exacerbate the plight of the small farmers and this is expected to compromise Bogota’s food security even further. This paper specifically seeks to assess the impact of climate change (CC) on the livelihoods of smallholders who supply Bogota with most of its food. In our multidisciplinary methodology, we translated the exposure to CC into direct impact on crops and assessed sensitivity and adaptive capacity using the sustainable rural livelihoods framework. The results show that rainfall (by average of 100 mm) and temperature (by average of 2.1 °C) will increase over the study area, while the future climate suitability of the most important crops such as mango (Mangifera indica), papaya (Carica papaya), corn (Zea mays) and plantain (Musa balbisiana) shows a decrease of 19 % to 47 % climate suitability by the year 2050. The assessment of sensitivity and adaptive capacity demonstrates that farmers participating in a farmers’ market, initiated by several local and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), are less vulnerable to CC than farmers who sell through intermediaries. Those farmers selling directly to consumers in the farmers’ market have a higher adaptive capacity (3 on a scale of 3) in social and financial capital than those selling to intermediaries with less adaptive capacity (1 on a scale of 3). In light of the reduction in overall climatic suitability of some of the major crops and the change of geographic location of suitability for others, there are likely to be serious threats for Bogotá’s food security, the ecological landscape around the city, and farmers’ livelihoods. We further conclude that unless proper adaptation measures are implemented, the geographical shift in climate suitability may also force farmers to shift their crops to higher elevations including remaining forests and páramos (the Colombian alpine tundra ecosystems), which may be threatened in the near future. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014

Suggested Citation

  • Anton Eitzinger & Peter Läderach & Christian Bunn & Audberto Quiroga & Andreas Benedikter & Antonio Pantoja & Jason Gordon & Michele Bruni, 2014. "Implications of a changing climate on food security and smallholders’ livelihoods in Bogotá, Colombia," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 161-176, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:19:y:2014:i:2:p:161-176
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-012-9432-0
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rochin, Refugio I., 1977. "Rural Poverty And The Problem Of Increasing Food Production On Small Farms: The Case Of Colombia," Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 1(1), pages 1-6, June.
    2. Darwin, Roy, 2001. "Climate Change and Food Security," Agricultural Information Bulletins 33645, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    3. Julian Ramirez-Villegas & Mike Salazar & Andy Jarvis & Carlos Navarro-Racines, 2012. "A way forward on adaptation to climate change in Colombian agriculture: perspectives towards 2050," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 115(3), pages 611-628, December.
    4. Chambers, Robert, 1994. "The origins and practice of participatory rural appraisal," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 22(7), pages 953-969, July.
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    1. Anton Eitzinger & Peter Läderach & Beatriz Rodriguez & Myles Fisher & Stephen Beebe & Kai Sonder & Axel Schmidt, 2017. "Assessing high-impact spots of climate change: spatial yield simulations with Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 743-760, June.
    2. Tuihedur Rahman, H.M. & Robinson, Brian E. & Ford, James D. & Hickey, Gordon M., 2018. "How Do Capital Asset Interactions Affect Livelihood Sensitivity to Climatic Stresses? Insights From the Northeastern Floodplains of Bangladesh," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 165-176.
    3. Botero, Hernan & Barnes, Andrew P. & Perez, Lisset & Rios, David & Ramirez-Villegas, Julian, 2021. "The determinants of common bean variety selection and diversification in Colombia," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    4. Anton Eitzinger & Claudia R. Binder & Markus A. Meyer, 2018. "Risk perception and decision-making: do farmers consider risks from climate change?," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 151(3), pages 507-524, December.
    5. Lucila Marcela Beltrán-Tolosa & Carlos Navarro-Racines & Prajal Pradhan & Gisella S. Cruz-Garcia & Reynaldo Solis & Marcela Quintero, 2020. "Action needed for staple crops in the Andean-Amazon foothills because of climate change," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 25(6), pages 1103-1127, August.

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