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Resilience in a concentrated and consolidated food system

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  • Mary Hendrickson

Abstract

The focus of this article is to articulate the risks of a consolidated, industrialized agrifood system for our planet’s ecology and our ability to guarantee a future food supply, while also considering how the food system might become more resilient. A relatively small number of agribusiness firms, operating globally, have powerfully shaped who produces food, what is produced, how and where it is produced, and by whom it is eaten. To examine food system resilience, one must see that ecological risks of agriculture (e.g., monoculture, overuse of fertilizer and chemicals, and lack of genetic diversity) are intertwined with its social and economic organization, that relationships between people and between people and their particular places are critical to situate food decisions within ecology, and that issues of scale in a global food system are keenly important and challenging to resolve. Our highly concentrated global food system has resulted from horizontal and vertical integration in food system sectors and globalization of agricultural and food markets. This system constrains farmers (and others) in making choices that can fend off likely ecological and social disruptions while limiting their ability to accommodate change. It has eliminated smaller farms and businesses that provided a redundancy of role and function, resulting in few fail-safe mechanisms for the food system. A focus on efficiency, standardization, and specialization has decreased the diversity of scale, form, and organization across the food system. Finally, the dominant food system’s inability to solve food insecurity and hunger within both rich and poor countries, coupled with an industrial diet that uses up a great many natural resources, makes the system precarious. While there is no single approach at any given scale that will accomplish food system resilience, a combination of actions, strategies, and policies at multiple levels that are rooted in ecology, democracy, and economic and social equality is necessary to move forward. Copyright AESS 2015

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  • Mary Hendrickson, 2015. "Resilience in a concentrated and consolidated food system," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 5(3), pages 418-431, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jenvss:v:5:y:2015:i:3:p:418-431
    DOI: 10.1007/s13412-015-0292-2
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    5. Gerald Marten & Nurcan Atalan-Helicke, 2015. "Introduction to the Symposium on American Food Resilience (Part 2)," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 5(4), pages 537-542, December.
    6. Li, Dalei & Gao, Jianzhong, 2021. "Impact of Large-Scale Land Operation on the Development of Regional Public Brands of Agricultural Products," 2021 ASAE 10th International Conference (Virtual), January 11-13, Beijing, China 329397, Asian Society of Agricultural Economists (ASAE).
    7. Brian Walker & Anne-Sophie Crépin & Magnus Nyström & John M. Anderies & Erik Andersson & Thomas Elmqvist & Cibele Queiroz & Scott Barrett & Elena Bennett & Juan Camilo Cardenas & Stephen R. Carpenter , 2023. "Response diversity as a sustainability strategy," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 6(6), pages 621-629, June.
    8. Howard, Philip H. & Ajena, Francesco & Yamaoka, Marina & Clarke, Amber, 2021. "'Protein' Industry Convergence and its Implications for Resilient and Equitable Food Systems," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 5.
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    10. Natalia Brzezina & Birgit Kopainsky & Erik Mathijs, 2016. "Can Organic Farming Reduce Vulnerabilities and Enhance the Resilience of the European Food System? A Critical Assessment Using System Dynamics Structural Thinking Tools," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-32, September.
    11. Hendrickson, Mary K. & Howard, Philip H. & Constance, Douglas H., 2017. "Power, Food and Agriculture: Implications for Farmers, Consumers and Communities," EconStor Preprints 171171, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    12. Meilin Ma & Jayson L. Lusk, 2022. "Concentration and Resilience in the US Meat Supply Chains," NBER Chapters, in: Risks in Agricultural Supply Chains, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Gerald Marten & Nurcan Atalan-Helicke, 2015. "Introduction to the Symposium on American Food Resilience," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 5(3), pages 308-320, September.
    14. Sánchez, Andrea C. & Kamau, Hannah N. & Grazioli, Francesca & Jones, Sarah K., 2022. "Financial profitability of diversified farming systems: A global meta-analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    15. Pavlos Karanikolas & Dimitrios Theocharidis & Thedoros Tsiligiridis & Konstantinos Tsiboukas, 2017. "Small farms contribution to food security: a food system resilience perspective," Working Papers 2017-1, Agricultural University of Athens, Department Of Agricultural Economics.
    16. Arulingam, Indika & Brady, G. & Chaya, M. & Conti, M. & Kgomotso, P. K. & Korzenszky, A. & Njie, D. & Schroth, G. & Suhardiman, Diana, 2022. "Small-scale producers in sustainable agrifood systems transformation," IWMI Reports 329171, International Water Management Institute.
    17. Arulingam, Indika & Brady, G. & Chaya, M. & Conti, M. & Kgomotso, P. K. & Korzenszky, A. & Njie, D. & Schroth, G. & Suhardiman, Diana, 2022. "Small-scale producers in sustainable agrifood systems transformation," IWMI Books, Reports H051435, International Water Management Institute.

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