IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/futbus/v7y2021i1d10.1186_s43093-021-00110-8.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

What drives local currency bond market development in Saudi Arabia: do macroeconomic and institutional factors matter?

Author

Listed:
  • Jamel Boukhatem

    (Umm Al Qura University
    University of Tunis El Manar)

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to empirically determine which factors are related to the development of local-currency bond market (LCBM) in Saudi Arabia over the period 1990–2019. Using ARDL modeling, the results reveal long-run cointegrating relationships between LCBM capitalization and macroeconomic, financial, and institutional factors. Unlike institutional ones, macroeconomic and financial factors seem to matter more in developing LCBM in the short run. However, in the long run, larger economic size more government spending, low inflation levels, broader and deeper banking system, higher bureaucratic quality, and better investment profile, all play a crucial role in the determination of Saudi LCBM. Policy implications include measures toward sound macroeconomic fundamentals, broad and deep banking system, efficient stock market, and high-quality governance institutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Jamel Boukhatem, 2021. "What drives local currency bond market development in Saudi Arabia: do macroeconomic and institutional factors matter?," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:futbus:v:7:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1186_s43093-021-00110-8
    DOI: 10.1186/s43093-021-00110-8
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1186/s43093-021-00110-8
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1186/s43093-021-00110-8?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Burger, John & Warnock, Francis & Warnock, Veronica Cacdac, 2015. "Bond Market Development in Developing Asia," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 448, Asian Development Bank.
    2. Barry Eichengreen & Ricardo Hausmann & Ugo Panizza, 2007. "Currency Mismatches, Debt Intolerance, and the Original Sin: Why They Are Not the Same and Why It Matters," NBER Chapters, in: Capital Controls and Capital Flows in Emerging Economies: Policies, Practices, and Consequences, pages 121-170, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Halil Altintas & Kassouri Yacouba, 2018. "Asymmetric Responses of Stock Prices to Money Supply and Oil Prices Shocks in Turkey: New Evidence from a Nonlinear ARDL Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(4), pages 45-53.
    4. Joshua Felman & Simon Gray & Mangal Goswami & Andreas A. Jobst & Mahmood Pradhan & Shanaka Peiris & Dulani Seneviratne, 2014. "ASEAN-5 bond market development: Where does it stand? Where is it going?," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 28(1), pages 60-75, May.
    5. Jacob Gyntelberg & Guonan Ma & Eli M Remolona, 2005. "Corporate bond markets in Asia," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
    6. Bhattacharyay, Biswa Nath, 2013. "Determinants of bond market development in Asia," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 124-137.
    7. Barry Eichengreen & Pipat Luengnaruemitchai, 2006. "Why doesn’t Asia have bigger bond markets?," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Asian bond markets: issues and prospects, volume 30, pages 40-77, Bank for International Settlements.
    8. Bhattacharyay, Biswa Nath, 2011. "Bond Market Development in Asia: An Empirical Analysis of Major Determinants," ADBI Working Papers 300, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    9. Eduardo Borensztein & Kevin Cowan & Barry Eichengreen & Ugo Panizza (ed.), 2008. "Bond Markets in Latin America: On the Verge of a Big Bang?," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262026325, December.
    10. Strøm,Steinar (ed.), 1999. "Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521633659.
    11. Augusto de la Torre & Juan Carlos Gozzi & Sergio L. Schmukler, 2008. "Capital Market Development: Whither Latin America?," NBER Chapters, in: Financial Markets Volatility and Performance in Emerging Markets, pages 121-154, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Dennis Essers & Hans J. Blommestein & Danny Cassimon & Perla Ibarlucea Flores, 2016. "Local Currency Bond Market Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Stock-Taking Exercise and Analysis of Key Drivers," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(5), pages 1167-1194, May.
    13. Easterly, William & Levine, Ross, 2003. "Tropics, germs, and crops: how endowments influence economic development," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 3-39, January.
    14. Mr. Pipat Luengnaruemitchai & Ms. Li L Ong, 2005. "An Anatomy of Corporate Bond Markets: Growing Pains and Knowledge Gains," IMF Working Papers 2005/152, International Monetary Fund.
    15. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    16. John D. Burger & Francis E. Warnock, 2006. "Local Currency Bond Markets," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 53(si), pages 1-7.
    17. Kassouri YACOUBA & Halil ALTINTAS, 2019. "The Asymmetric Impact of Macroeconomic Shocks on Stock Returns in Turkey: A Nonlinear ARDL Approach," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(2), pages 98-116, June.
    18. Olatundun Janet Adelegan & Bozena Radzewicz-Bak, 2009. "What Determines Bond Market Development in Sub-Saharan Africa?," IMF Working Papers 2009/213, International Monetary Fund.
    19. Inder, Brett, 1993. "Estimating long-run relationships in economics : A comparison of different approaches," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 57(1-3), pages 53-68.
    20. Burger, John D. & Warnock, Francis E., 2007. "Foreign participation in local currency bond markets," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 291-304.
    21. Smaoui, Houcem & Grandes, Martin & Akindele, Akintoye, 2017. "The Determinants of Bond Market Development: Further Evidence from Emerging and Developed Countries," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 148-167.
    22. Barry Eichengreen & Pipat Luengnaruemitchai, 2008. "Bond Markets as Conduits for Capital Flows: How Does Asia Compare?," NBER Chapters, in: International Financial Issues in the Pacific Rim: Global Imbalances, Financial Liberalization, and Exchange Rate Policy, pages 267-313, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    23. Simon Gray & Joshua Felman & Ana Carvajal & Andreas A. Jobst, 2014. "Developing ASEAN-5 bond markets: what needs to be done?," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 28(1), pages 76-95, May.
    24. Mr. Obert Nyawata, 2012. "Treasury Bills and/Or Central Bank Bills for Absorbing Surplus Liquidity: The Main Considerations," IMF Working Papers 2012/040, International Monetary Fund.
    25. Allen, Franklin & Gale, Douglas, 1997. "Financial Markets, Intermediaries, and Intertemporal Smoothing," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 105(3), pages 523-546, June.
    26. Claessens, Stijn & Klingebiel, Daniela & Schmukler, Sergio L., 2006. "Stock market development and internationalization: Do economic fundamentals spur both similarly?," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 316-350, June.
    27. Mr. Luc Laeven, 2014. "The Development of Local Capital Markets: Rationale and Challenges," IMF Working Papers 2014/234, International Monetary Fund.
    28. Kassouri, Yacouba & Altıntaş, Halil, 2020. "Threshold cointegration, nonlinearity, and frequency domain causality relationship between stock price and Turkish Lira," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    29. Jamel Boukhatem, 2009. "Essai sur les déterminants empiriques de développement des marchés obligataires," EconomiX Working Papers 2009-32, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    30. Strøm,Steinar (ed.), 1999. "Econometrics and Economic Theory in the 20th Century," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521633239.
    31. Stijn Claessens & Daniela Klingebiel & Sergio L. Schmukler, 2007. "Government Bonds in Domestic and Foreign Currency: the Role of Institutional and Macroeconomic Factors," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(2), pages 370-413, May.
    32. Mr. Yibin Mu & Mr. Peter Phelps & Ms. Janet Gale Stotsky, 2013. "Bond Markets in Africa," IMF Working Papers 2013/012, International Monetary Fund.
    33. Stephen Knack & Philip Keefer, 1995. "Institutions And Economic Performance: Cross‐Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(3), pages 207-227, November.
    34. Philip Turner, 2002. "Bond markets in emerging economies: an overview of policy issues," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), The development of bond markets in emerging economies, volume 11, pages 1-12, Bank for International Settlements.
    35. Mr. Garry J. Schinasi & T. Todd Smith, 1998. "Fixed-Income Markets in the United States, Europe, and Japan-Some Lessons for Emerging Markets," IMF Working Papers 1998/173, International Monetary Fund.
    36. A. M. Khalid & G. Rajaguru, 2018. "Investigating the determinants of domestic bonds: the role of socio-economic and institutional factors," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(1), pages 35-50, January.
    37. Claessens,Stijn & Klingebiel,Daniela M. H. & Schmukler,Sergio L., 2003. "Government bonds in domestic and foreign currency: the role of macroeconomic and institutional factors," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2986, The World Bank.
    38. Allen, Franklin & Santomero, Anthony M., 2001. "What do financial intermediaries do?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(2), pages 271-294, February.
    39. Bank for International Settlements, 2002. "The development of bond markets in emerging economies," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 11.
    40. World Bank & International Monetory Fund, 2001. "Developing Government Bond Markets : A Handbook," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13865, December.
    41. Kassouri, Yacouba & Altıntaş, Halil & Bilgili, Faik, 2020. "An investigation of the financial resource curse hypothesis in oil-exporting countries: The threshold effect of democratic accountability," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    42. Garcia-Kilroy, Catiana & Silva, Anderson Caputo, 2011. "Reforming government debt markets in MENA," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5611, The World Bank.
    43. repec:zbw:bofitp:2016_008 is not listed on IDEAS
    44. Morris Goldstein & Philip Turner, 2004. "Controlling Currency Mismatches in Emerging Markets," Peterson Institute Press: All Books, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number 373, October.
    45. Houcem Smaoui & Mohsin Khawaja, 2017. "The Determinants of Sukuk Market Development," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(7), pages 1501-1518, July.
    46. Arafat Mansoor Al-raeai & Zairy Zainol & Ahmad Khilmy bin Abdul Rahim, 2018. "The Role of Macroeconomic Factors on Sukuk Market Development of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 333-339.
    47. Valeriano F. García & Lin Liu, 1999. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Development," Journal of Applied Economics, Universidad del CEMA, vol. 2, pages 29-59, May.
    48. Valeriano F. Garcia & Lin Liu, 1999. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Development," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(1), pages 29-59, May.
    49. Jamel Boukhatem & Zied Ftiti & Jean Michel Sahut, 2021. "Bond market and macroeconomic stability in East Asia: a nonlinear causality analysis," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 297(1), pages 53-76, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jamel Boukhatem, 2009. "Essai sur les déterminants empiriques de développement des marchés obligataires," EconomiX Working Papers 2009-32, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    2. Smaoui, Houcem & Grandes, Martin & Akindele, Akintoye, 2017. "The Determinants of Bond Market Development: Further Evidence from Emerging and Developed Countries," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 148-167.
    3. Jamel Boukhatem, 2009. "Essai sur les déterminants empiriques de développement des marchés obligataires," Working Papers hal-04140858, HAL.
    4. Meng-Wai Lee & Kim-Leng Goh & Michael Meow-Chung Yap, 2019. "The Malaysian Domestic Bond Market: Growing into its Rightful Role," Capital Markets Review, Malaysian Finance Association, vol. 27(1), pages 34-52.
    5. Dennis Essers & Hans J. Blommestein & Danny Cassimon & Perla Ibarlucea Flores, 2016. "Local Currency Bond Market Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Stock-Taking Exercise and Analysis of Key Drivers," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(5), pages 1167-1194, May.
    6. Jamel Boukhatem & Zied Ftiti & Jean Michel Sahut, 2021. "Bond market and macroeconomic stability in East Asia: a nonlinear causality analysis," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 297(1), pages 53-76, February.
    7. Olfa Berrich & Halim Dabbou & Mohamed Imen Gallali, 2022. "Over-the-counter market and corporate bond market development," International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 47(2/3), pages 284-304.
    8. Kowalewski, Oskar & Pisany, Paweł, 2019. "What drove the growth of the corporate bond markets in Asia?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 365-380.
    9. Endo, Tadashi, 2022. "Endogenous market development for government securities in lower-income economies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    10. Taguchi, Hiroyuki, 2019. "The bond market development in Mongolia among Asian countries," MPRA Paper 95123, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Florence Dafe & Dennis Essers & Ulrich Volz, 2018. "Localising sovereign debt: The rise of local currency bond markets in sub‐Saharan Africa," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(12), pages 3317-3344, December.
    12. Mr. Luc Laeven, 2014. "The Development of Local Capital Markets: Rationale and Challenges," IMF Working Papers 2014/234, International Monetary Fund.
    13. Fløgstad, Cathrin, 2017. "Domestic bond markets in emerging economies: Crowding in or crowding out?," Working Papers in Economics 15/17, University of Bergen, Department of Economics.
    14. Mr. Yibin Mu & Mr. Peter Phelps & Ms. Janet Gale Stotsky, 2013. "Bond Markets in Africa," IMF Working Papers 2013/012, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Kathrin Berensmann & Florence Dafe & Ulrich Volz, 2015. "Developing local currency bond markets for long-term development financing in Sub-Saharan Africa," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 31(3-4), pages 350-378.
    16. Meng-wai Lee & Kim-leng Goh, 2019. "Bond Market Development in Malaysia: Possible Crowding-Out from Persistent Fiscal Deficits?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 39(3), pages 1798-1807.
    17. Danny Cassimon & Dennis Essers & Karel Verbeke, 2015. "What to do after the clean slate? Post-relief public debt sustainability and management," BeFinD Working Papers 0103, University of Namur, Department of Economics.
    18. Al-Raeai, Arafat Mansoor & Zainol, Zairy & Abdul Rahim, Ahmad Khilmy, 2019. "The Influence of Macroeconomics Factors and Political Risk on the Sukuk Market Development in Selected GCC Countries: A Panel Data Analysis," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 53(2), pages 199-211.
    19. Miyajima, Ken & Mohanty, M.S. & Chan, Tracy, 2015. "Emerging market local currency bonds: Diversification and stability," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 126-139.
    20. Arafat Mansoor Al-raeai & Zairy Zainol & Ahmad Khilmy bin Abdul Rahim, 2018. "The Role of Macroeconomic Factors on Sukuk Market Development of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 333-339.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bond market development; Macroeconomic and financial factors; Institutional framework; ARDL bounds test;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • D53 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Financial Markets
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets
    • O16 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:futbus:v:7:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1186_s43093-021-00110-8. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.