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Is per capita real GDP stationary in five southeastern European countries? Fourier unit root test

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  • Tsangyao Chang
  • Chia-Hao Lee
  • Pei-I Chou

Abstract

This study uses the newly developed Fourier unit root test advanced by Enders and Lee ( 2004 , 2009 ) to investigate the time-series properties of real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for five Southeastern European countries for the period from 1969 to 2009. The empirical results from several conventional unit root tests indicate that the per capita real GDP for all of the countries studied are non-stationary; however, when Enders and Lee ( 2004 , 2009 ) Fourier unit root tests are conducted, one rejects the unit root hypothesis of real GDP per capita in all countries under study. These results have important policy implications for these five Southeastern European countries under study. Copyright Springer-Verlag 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Tsangyao Chang & Chia-Hao Lee & Pei-I Chou, 2012. "Is per capita real GDP stationary in five southeastern European countries? Fourier unit root test," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 1073-1082, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:empeco:v:43:y:2012:i:3:p:1073-1082
    DOI: 10.1007/s00181-011-0526-4
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    Cited by:

    1. Luis A. Gil-Alana & Sakiru Adebola Solarin & Mehmet Balcilar & Rangan Gupta, 2023. "Productivity and GDP: international evidence of persistence and trends over 130 years of data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1219-1246, March.
    2. Phiri, Andrew, 2018. "Robust analysis of convergence in per capita GDP in BRICS economies," MPRA Paper 86936, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Helmut Herwartz & Yabibal M. Walle, 2018. "A powerful wild bootstrap diagnosis of panel unit roots under linear trends and time-varying volatility," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 33(1), pages 379-411, March.
    4. Ya-Ling Lin & Wen-Yi Chen & Shwn-Huey Shieh, 2020. "Age Structural Transitions and Copayment Policy Effectiveness: Evidence from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-17, June.
    5. Sakiru Solarin & Emmanuel Anoruo, 2015. "Nonlinearity and the Unit Root Hypothesis for African Per Capita Real GDP," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(4), pages 617-630, December.
    6. Omid Ranjbar & Tsangyao Chang & Chien-Chiang Lee & Zahra (Mila) Elmi, 2016. "Reopening the Convergence Debate when Sharp Breaks and Smooth Shifts Wed, 1870-2010," Iranian Economic Review (IER), Faculty of Economics,University of Tehran.Tehran,Iran, vol. 20(3), pages 356-377, Summer.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Per capita real GDP; Stationary; Fourier unit root test; Southeastern European countries; C22; C23;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models

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