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Nadmierne zadłużenie gospodarstw domowych – problem finansowo-prawny czy społeczny?

Author

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  • Łukasz Gębski

Abstract

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza zjawiska nadmiernego zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych, jego przyczyn oraz okoliczności mu towarzyszących. Badania prowadzone były w oparciu o wybrany północnoamerykański oraz europejski dorobek naukowo-badawczy, obowiązującą legislację oraz wynik amerykańskich badań empirycznych dotyczących znajomości i rozumienia pojęć finansowych. Konsekwencje nadmiernego zadłużenia gospodarstw domowych wykraczają poza podstawowe kategorie finansowo-ekonomiczne (m.in. opóźnienia w spłacie zobowiązań, utrata płynności finansowej gospodarstwa domowego) oraz obowiązujące ramy prawne (upadłość konsumencka). Prowadzą one do szeregu problemów społecznych, takich jak utrata bezpieczeństwa/zabezpieczenia finansowego oraz wykluczenie finansowe. Artykuł przywołuje wybrane koncepcje i dokonując ich syntezy wyprowadza wspólne wnioski, a także podejmuje próbę stworzenia wspólnej definicji pojęcia nadmiernego zadłużenia – właściwą zarówno dla Stanów Zjednoczonych, Kanady, państw Unii Europejskiej oraz Polski. Świadomość, że u źródeł nadmiernego zadłużenia znajduje się szereg różnych czynników, takich jak asymetria informacji, oczekiwany, a często nieadekwatny do sytuacji gospodarstwa domowego poziom konsumpcji, praktyki rynku finansowego oraz brak zrozumienia nawet podstawowych kategorii ekonomicznych, stanowić może cenną wskazówkę dla rządów i organizacji pozarządowych zajmujących się tym problemem, w zakresie kompleksowego formułowania zasad i zakresu ochrony konsumentów, edukacji ekonomicznej oraz stwarzania podstaw do bezpiecznego „nowego startu”, dla tych gospodarstw domowych, które w konsekwencji nadmiernego zadłużenia trwale utraciły zdolność do regulowania swoich zobowiązań.

Suggested Citation

  • Łukasz Gębski, 2013. "Nadmierne zadłużenie gospodarstw domowych – problem finansowo-prawny czy społeczny?," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 4, pages 83-108.
  • Handle: RePEc:sgh:gosnar:y:2013:i:4:p:83-108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    nadmierne zadłużenie; ochrona konsumenta; upadłość konsumencka; znajomość i rozumienie pojęć finansowych; wykluczenie finansowe;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D01 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
    • D20 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - General
    • D11 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Theory
    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance

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