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The Bottom-Up Mandate: Fostering Community Partnerships and Combating Economic Distress in Chicago's Empowerment Zone

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  • Deirdre Oakley

    (Department of Sociology, Zulauf Hall, 806, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115-2854, USA, doakley@niu.edu)

  • Hui-shien Tsao

    (CSDA-BA18, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA, htsao@albany.edu)

Abstract

The Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community Initiative (EZ/EC), funded by Congress in 1994, offered geographically targeted funding and tax incentives to distressed urban communities in the US. The mandated community involvement component of the programme was meant to separate it from traditional economic development initiatives, aligning it more fully with the core goals of community economic development. Did the programmatic strategies emphasise economic development more than fostering community partnerships or vice versa? The paper examines how much emphasis was actually placed on fostering community partnerships in the programme. It also assesses how effective this initiative was at achieving socioeconomic gains. Findings indicate that the more traditional community and economic development strategies received the majority of funding, despite the mandated requirement of building community partnerships. Nevertheless, the initiative resulted in modest decreases in poverty and unemployment. The lack of emphasis on the fostering of community partnerships in Chicago's zone did not render the initiative ineffective.

Suggested Citation

  • Deirdre Oakley & Hui-shien Tsao, 2007. "The Bottom-Up Mandate: Fostering Community Partnerships and Combating Economic Distress in Chicago's Empowerment Zone," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(4), pages 819-843, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:44:y:2007:i:4:p:819-843
    DOI: 10.1080/00420980601185668
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Marie-Hélène Bacqué & Carole Biewener, 2013. "Different Manifestations of the Concept of Empowerment: The Politics of Urban Renewal in the United States and the United Kingdom," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(6), pages 2198-2213, November.
    2. Krupka, Douglas J. & Noonan, Douglas S., 2009. "Empowerment Zones, neighborhood change and owner-occupied housing," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 386-396, July.

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