IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/sagope/v12y2022i2p21582440221108159.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hierarchical Education Investment and Economic Growth in China

Author

Listed:
  • Zhao Li
  • Yujing Chu
  • Hang Fang

Abstract

There is a difference between the ways investment in general and advanced education affects human capital accumulation. Based on the endogenous economic growth model, this study considered the impact of hierarchical education investment on human capital accumulation and economic growth. Using Provincial Panel Data, the empirical analysis found that only investment in general education had a significant effect on economic output per capita, while the effect of investment in advanced education was insignificant. Increasing investment in general education could promote technological progress. However, increasing investment in advanced education does not, which means that the human capital accumulated as a result of advanced education does not have the expected benefit. Furthermore, the expansion of enrolment in colleges and universities promoted the effect of advanced education on economic output and technological progress.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhao Li & Yujing Chu & Hang Fang, 2022. "Hierarchical Education Investment and Economic Growth in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:12:y:2022:i:2:p:21582440221108159
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440221108159
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21582440221108159
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/21582440221108159?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Balestra, Simone & Backes-Gellner, Uschi, 2017. "Heterogeneous returns to education over the wage distribution: Who profits the most?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 89-105.
    2. Lu, Yi & Shi, Xinzheng & Zhong, Songfa, 2018. "Competitive experience and gender difference in risk preference, trust preference and academic performance: Evidence from Gaokao in China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 1388-1410.
    3. James J. Heckman & John Eric Humphries & Gregory Veramendi, 2018. "Returns to Education: The Causal Effects of Education on Earnings, Health, and Smoking," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 126(S1), pages 197-246.
    4. Robert A. Driskill & Andrew W. Horowitz, 2002. "Investment in Hierarchical Human Capital," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 6(1), pages 48-58, February.
    5. Ross, Phillip H., 2019. "Occupation aspirations, education investment, and cognitive outcomes: Evidence from Indian adolescents," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-1.
    6. Fuhui Tong & Zhuoying Wang & Yue Min & Shifang Tang, 2020. "A Systematic Literature Synthesis of 19 Years of Bilingual Education in Chinese Higher Education: Where Does the Academic Discourse Stand?," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, May.
    7. Yi Che & Lei Zhang, 2018. "Human Capital, Technology Adoption and Firm Performance: Impacts of China's Higher Education Expansion in the Late 1990s," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 128(614), pages 2282-2320, September.
    8. Barış Alpaslan & Abdilahi Ali, 2018. "The spillover effects of innovative ideas on human capital," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(1), pages 333-360, February.
    9. Schiff, Maurice & Wang, Yanling, 2004. "Education, Governance and Trade-Related Technology Diffusion in Latin America," IZA Discussion Papers 1028, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Li, Tingting & Wang, Yong, 2018. "Growth channels of human capital: A Chinese panel data study," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 309-322.
    11. George Psacharopoulos & Harry Anthony Patrinos, 2018. "Returns to investment in education: a decennial review of the global literature," Education Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(5), pages 445-458, September.
    12. Camilla Mastromarco & Léopold Simar, 2021. "Latent heterogeneity to evaluate the effect of human capital on world technology frontier," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 55(2), pages 71-89, April.
    13. Robert E. Hall & Charles I. Jones, 1999. "Why do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker than Others?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 114(1), pages 83-116.
    14. Chang, Ching-Fu & Wang, Ping & Liu, Jin-Tan, 2016. "Knowledge spillovers, human capital and productivity," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 47(PB), pages 214-232.
    15. Chea, Phal, 2019. "Does higher education expansion in Cambodia make access to education more equal?," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 1-1.
    16. Jakob B. Madsen, 2014. "Human Capital and the World Technology Frontier," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 96(4), pages 676-692, October.
    17. Asadullah, M. Niaz & Xiao, Saizi, 2020. "The changing pattern of wage returns to education in post-reform China," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 137-148.
    18. Hazwan Haini, 2020. "Spatial spillover effects of public health and education expenditures on economic growth: evidence from China’s provinces," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(8), pages 1111-1128, November.
    19. Yilin Zhou & Hongbo Li & Fakhar Shahzad, 2021. "Does College Education Promote Entrepreneurship Education in China?," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, July.
    20. Dou, Xinhua & Zhu, Xiajing & Zhang, Jason Q. & Wang, Jie, 2019. "Outcomes of entrepreneurship education in China: A customer experience management perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 338-347.
    21. Bai, Xuejie & Sun, Xianzhen & Chiu, Yung-Ho, 2020. "Does China's higher education investment play a role in industrial growth?," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    22. Harry Anthony Patrinos & George Psacharopoulos & Aysit Tansel, 2021. "Private and Social Returns to Investment in Education: the Case of Turkey with Alternative Methods," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(14), pages 1638-1658, March.
    23. Chia-Hui Lu, 2020. "Child labor and compulsory education: the effects of government education policy on economic growth and welfare," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 69(3), pages 637-666, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhao Li & Yujing Chu, 2023. "Is Hierarchical Education Investment Synergistic? Evidence from China’s Investment in General and Advanced Education," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(2), pages 1522-1537, June.
    2. Chen, Jie & Pastore, Francesco, 2021. "Does vocational education pay better, or worse, than academic education?," GLO Discussion Paper Series 858, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    3. Jie Chen & Francesco Pastore, 2024. "Dynamics of returns to vocational education in China: 2010–2017," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    4. Uwe Sunde & Thomas Dohmen & Benjamin Enke & Armin Falkbriq & David Huffman & Gerrit Meyerheim, 2022. "Patience and Comparative Development [How Large Are Human-capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(5), pages 2806-2840.
    5. Zhang, Xiaobei & Wang, Xiaojun, 2021. "Measures of human capital and the mechanics of economic growth," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    6. Strulik, Holger, 2018. "The return to education in terms of wealth and health," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 12(C), pages 1-14.
    7. Bloom, David E. & Canning, David & Kotschy, Rainer & Prettner, Klaus & Schünemann, Johannes, 2018. "Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers 11940, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Patrinos, Harry & Montenegro, Claudio, 2022. "Returns to Education in the Public and Private Sectors: Europe and Central Asia," MPRA Paper 114206, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Feng, Guohua & Gao, Jiti & Peng, Bin, 2022. "An integrated panel data approach to modelling economic growth," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 228(2), pages 379-397.
    10. Indunil De Silva & Sudarno Sumarto, 2015. "Dynamics Of Growth, Poverty And Human Capital: Evidence From Indonesian Sub-National Data," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 40(2), pages 1-33, June.
    11. Bloom, David E. & Chen, Simiao & Kuhn, Michael & McGovern, Mark E. & Oxley, Les & Prettner, Klaus, 2020. "The economic burden of chronic diseases: Estimates and projections for China, Japan, and South Korea," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 17(C).
    12. Yao, Yao & Ivanovski, Kris & Inekwe, John & Smyth, Russell, 2020. "Human capital and CO2 emissions in the long run," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    13. Emran, M. Shahe & Jiang, Hanchen & Shilpi, Forhad, 2020. "Gender Bias and Intergenerational Educational Mobility: Theory and Evidence from China and India," GLO Discussion Paper Series 497, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    14. Boopen SEETANAH & viraiyan teeroovengadum, 2017. "Higher Education and Economic Growth: Evidence from Africa," Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences 4807254, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    15. Oussama Elkhalfi & Rachid Chaabita & Kamal Zahraoui & Hicham El Alaoui, 2023. "Public Spending on Human Capital and Economic Growth in Morocco," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(4), pages 102-110, July.
    16. Andy Prasetyo Wati & Sheerad Sahid, 2022. "Factors Influencing Parents’ Awareness of Children’ Education Investment: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-13, July.
    17. Stanislav Avdeev, 2020. "Zero Returns To Higher Education: Evidence From A Natural Experiment," HSE Working papers WP BRP 236/EC/2020, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
    18. Mark Bils & Barış Kaymak & Kai-Jie Wu, 2022. "Labor Substitutability among Schooling Groups," Working Papers 22-07, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    19. David E. Bloom & Alex Khoury & Vadim Kufenko & Klaus Prettner, 2021. "Spurring Economic Growth through Human Development: Research Results and Guidance for Policymakers," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 47(2), pages 377-409, June.
    20. A. Bergeaud & G. Cette & R. Lecat, 2016. "The role of production factor quality and technology diffusion in 20th century productivity growth," Working papers 588, Banque de France.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:12:y:2022:i:2:p:21582440221108159. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.