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The Cagan's Model, its Developments, and the Patinkin Effect

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  • Seghezza, Elena

    (Department of Political Science, University of Genoa, Italy)

Abstract

This paper reviews the debate on the stability of the inflation rate during high inflation and hyperinflation which started with Cagan (1956) seminal paper. In that paper Cagan arrives at the determination of the optimal inflation rate and the conditions for stability of inflation rates in situations of explosive price growth. The debate on Cagan’s model focused mainly on the type of expectations to be taken as a reference, assuming that in real terms the government deficit is unaffected by the rate of inflation. In this paper we review some of the perspectives that open on debate regarding Cagan’s model and hyperinflation if we assume that the government budget does, in fact, change in real terms due to inflation. Such changes can arise from the impact of price growth on the real value of both government revenue, the Olivera-Tanzi effect, and government spending, the Patinkin effect. The extent of this impact is key to define the conditions of stability of the inflation rate (whether high or low) and the amount of seigniorage obtained. The paper shows that during German hyperinflation the Patinkin effect was at work, reducing the real value of the government deficit. Il modello di Cagan, i suoi sviluppi e l’effetto Patinkin L'articolo ripercorre il dibattito sulla stabilità del tasso di crescita dei prezzi nelle fasi di inflazione elevata e di iperinflazione avviato da Cagan del 1956. In quel contributo Cagan perviene alla determinazione del tasso di inflazione ottimale e alle condizioni di stabilità dei tassi di inflazione in situazioni di crescita dei prezzi esplosiva. Il dibattito si è focalizzato soprattutto sul tipo di aspettative da prendere a riferimento. Per contro, in essi si è supposto che l’ammontare del disavanzo pubblico in termini reali non risentisse del tasso di inflazione. In questo contributo si cerca di mostrare le prospettive che si offrono al dibattito sul modello di Cagan e sulle iperinflazioni quando si assume che il disavanzo pubblico in termini reali si modifica a causa dell’inflazione. Tali modifiche possono derivare dai riflessi della crescita dei prezzi sul valore reale sia delle entrate fiscali, l’effetto “Olivera-Tanzi”, che della spesa pubblica, l’effetto Patinkin. L’entità di tali riflessi è importante per poter definire le condizioni di stabilità del tasso di inflazione (alto o basso che sia) e l’ammontare stesso del signoraggio. L’articolo mostra che negli anni immediatamente precedenti l’iperinflazione tedesca l’effetto Patinkin ha ridotto il valore reale del disavanzo pubblico tedesco.

Suggested Citation

  • Seghezza, Elena, 2022. "The Cagan's Model, its Developments, and the Patinkin Effect," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 75(4), pages 601-622.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:ecoint:0935
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cagan; Inflation; Patinkin Effect;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E10 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - General
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

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