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Rationnement endogène et structure de marché

Author

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  • Boyer, Marcel

    (Département de sciences économiques, Université de Montréal)

  • Moreaux, Michel

    (GREMAQ, Université de Toulouse)

Abstract

We show in this article the existence of endogenous rationing in a leader-follower duopoly with differentiated products. The duopolists compete in both prices and quantities and each may choose a price-quantity pair within the residual demand it faces in equilibrium. Therefore they are involved in a network of strategic interactions and their decisions bear on both prices and quantities, two important characteristics of many real situations. We consider a "linear" model, where the individual demand for a good depends on three parameters [α, β, γ: the intercept and slope of the demand and the substitutability coefficient of the goods], and two strategy spaces: the pairs (price, quantity produced) and the pairs (price, number of consumers to be rationed). In each case, we characterize the residual demand a firm faces and we demonstrate the existence of rationing in equilibrium. We also show that the number of rationed consumers is independent in the two cases considered, of the parameters α and β of the individual demand function. This unanticipated and rather surprising theoretical result could not have been obtained without the help of MACSYMA, a computer program of symbolic manipulation. Nous démontrons dans cet article l’existence de rationnement endogène dans un duopole à produits différenciés du type meneur-suiveur. Nos duopoleurs se concurrencent à la fois en prix et en quantités et chacun peut choisir un couple prix-quantité en-deçà de la fonction de demande à laquelle il est confronté à l’équilibre. Ainsi ils sont impliqués dans un réseau d’interactions stratégiques et leurs décisions portent à la fois sur les prix et les quantités, deux caractéristiques importantes de situations réelles. Nous considérons un modèle « linéaire », où la demande individuelle pour un bien dépend de trois paramètres [α, β, γ : l’abcisse à l’origine et la pente de la demande et le coefficient de substituabilité des produits], et deux espaces de stratégies : les couples (prix, quantité produite) et les couples (prix, nombre de consommateurs à rationner). Dans chaque cas, nous caractérisons la demande résiduelle à une firme et nous démontrons l’existence de rationnement à l’équilibre. Nous démontrons de plus que le nombre de consommateurs rationnés par le meneur est indépendant dans les deux cas considérés, des paramètres α et β de la fonction de demande individuelle. Ce résultat théorique non-anticipé et pour le moins surprenant n’aurait pu être obtenu sans l’aide du programme informatique de manipulation symbolique MACSYMA.

Suggested Citation

  • Boyer, Marcel & Moreaux, Michel, 1989. "Rationnement endogène et structure de marché," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 65(1), pages 119-145, mars.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:65:y:1989:i:1:p:119-145
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Boyer, Marcel & Moreaux, Michel, 1989. "Endogenous Rationing in a Differentiated Product Duopoly," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 30(4), pages 877-888, November.
    2. Judith R. Gelman & Steven C. Salop, 1983. "Judo Economics: Capacity Limitation and Coupon Competition," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 14(2), pages 315-325, Autumn.
    3. repec:cor:louvrp:-536 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Marcel Boyer & Michel Moreaux, 1988. "Rational Rationing in Stackelberg Equilibria," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 103(2), pages 409-414.
    5. BÖHM, Volker & MASKIN, Eric & POLEMARCHAKIS, Heraklis & POSTLEWAITE, Andrew, 1983. "Monopolistic quantity rationing," LIDAM Reprints CORE 536, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
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