IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/rfh/jprjor/v8y2022i4p335-343.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Financial Development, Exports, and Industrial Pollution: Evidence from Lower and Upper Middle-Income Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique

    (Department of Business and Commerce, GIFT University, Gujranwala, Pakistan)

  • Areesha Aziz

    (Department of Business and Commerce, GIFT University, Gujranwala, Pakistan)

  • Naima Shehzadi

    (Department of Economics and Quantitative Methods, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan)

  • Sumaira

    (Department of Business and Commerce, GIFT University, Gujranwala, Pakistan)

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the relationship between financial development (FD), exports, and industrial pollution by applying OLS, fixed effects (FE), random effects (RE), and GMM models for 36 upper-middle-income countries (UMICs) and 38 lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) from 1990 to 2019. The findings of the OLS indicate that financial development (FD), exports, and other factors including energy use, capital, and urban population significantly increase industrial pollution in UMICs and LMICs. The empirics of FE, RE, and GMM models also confirmed that exports, FD, and energy use have harmful effects on the environment. The study suggests that financial development should be directed toward projects and sources of energy that are favorable to the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique & Areesha Aziz & Naima Shehzadi & Sumaira, 2022. "Financial Development, Exports, and Industrial Pollution: Evidence from Lower and Upper Middle-Income Countries," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(4), pages 335-343, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:rfh:jprjor:v:8:y:2022:i:4:p:335-343
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://jprpk.com/index.php/jpr/article/view/176/250
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://jprpk.com/index.php/jpr/article/view/176
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasreen, Samia & Ahmed, Khalid & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2017. "Trade openness–carbon emissions nexus: The importance of turning points of trade openness for country panels," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 221-232.
    2. Jalil, Abdul & Feridun, Mete, 2011. "The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: A cointegration analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 284-291, March.
    3. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Ahmad, Nawaz & Alam, Shaista, 2016. "Financial development and environmental quality: The way forward," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 353-364.
    4. Audi, Marc & Ali, Amjad, 2016. "Environmental Degradation, Energy consumption, Population Density and Economic Development in Lebanon: A time series Analysis (1971-2014)," MPRA Paper 82494, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2017.
    5. Tamazian, Artur & Bhaskara Rao, B., 2010. "Do economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 137-145, January.
    6. Tijjani Musa Adamu & Ihtisham ul Haq & Muhammad Shafiq, 2019. "Analyzing the Impact of Energy, Export Variety, and FDI on Environmental Degradation in the Context of Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case Study of India," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-18, March.
    7. Mustafa Kamal & Muhammad Usman & Atif Jahanger & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, 2021. "Revisiting the Role of Fiscal Policy, Financial Development, and Foreign Direct Investment in Reducing Environmental Pollution during Globalization Mode: Evidence from Linear and Nonlinear Panel Data ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-25, October.
    8. Marc Audi & Amjad Ali & Mohamad Kassem, 2020. "Greenhouse Gases: A Review of Losses and Benefits," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(1), pages 403-418.
    9. Bosupeng Mpho, 2016. "The Effect of Exports on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Policy Implications," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 51(1), pages 20-32, September.
    10. Sbia, Rashid & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hamdi, Helmi, 2014. "A contribution of foreign direct investment, clean energy, trade openness, carbon emissions and economic growth to energy demand in UAE," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 191-197.
    11. Ralph De Haas & Alexander Popov, 2023. "Finance and Green Growth," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 133(650), pages 637-668.
    12. Liu, Yu & Meng, Bo & Hubacek, Klaus & Xue, Jinjun & Feng, Kuishuang & Gao, Yuning, 2016. "‘Made in China’: A reevaluation of embodied CO2 emissions in Chinese exports using firm heterogeneity information," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1106-1113.
    13. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi, 2016. "The Impact of Income Inequality, Environmental Degradation and Globalization on Life Expectancy in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 4(4), pages 182-193, April.
    14. Jianhui Jian & Xiaojie Fan & Pinglin He & Hao Xiong & Huayu Shen, 2019. "The Effects of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Financial Development on CO 2 Emissions in China: A VECM Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-16, September.
    15. Halkos, George & Polemis, Michael, 2016. "Examining the impact of financial development on the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis," MPRA Paper 75368, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Mohamed Amine Boutabba, 2014. "The impact of financial development, income, energy and trade on carbon emissions: Evidence from the Indian economy," Post-Print hal-02877966, HAL.
    17. Omri, Anis & Daly, Saida & Rault, Christophe & Chaibi, Anissa, 2015. "Financial development, environmental quality, trade and economic growth: What causes what in MENA countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 242-252.
    18. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi & Chan Bibi & Yannick Roussel, 2021. "The Impact of Gender Inequality and Environmental Degradation on Human Well-being in the Case of Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 11(2), pages 92-99.
    19. Pradyot Ranjan Jena & Ulrike Grote, 2008. "Growth–trade–environment nexus in India," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 17(11), pages 1-11.
    20. Managi, Shunsuke & Hibiki, Akira & Tsurumi, Tetsuya, 2009. "Does trade openness improve environmental quality?," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 58(3), pages 346-363, November.
    21. Tamazian, Artur & Chousa, Juan Piñeiro & Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya, 2009. "Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: Evidence from BRIC countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 246-253, January.
    22. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi & Yannick Roussel, 2021. "Natural Resources Depletion, Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Developing World," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(3), pages 251-260.
    23. Chun Jiang & Xiaoxin Ma, 2019. "The Impact of Financial Development on Carbon Emissions: A Global Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-22, September.
    24. Usman, Muhammad & Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel, 2022. "Environmental concern in the era of industrialization: Can financial development, renewable energy and natural resources alleviate some load?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    25. Hasson, Ashwaq & Masih, Mansur, 2017. "Energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions and electricity consumption: evidence from South Africa based on ARDL," MPRA Paper 79424, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    26. Lamia Jamel & Samir Maktouf, 2017. "The nexus between economic growth, financial development, trade openness, and CO2 emissions in European countries," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1341456-134, January.
    27. Miyun Zhao & Rui Yang & Yi Li, 2020. "Financial Leverage, Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from 30 Provinces in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-12, January.
    28. Yilmaz Bayar & Laura Diaconu (Maxim) & Andrei Maxim, 2020. "Financial Development and CO 2 Emissions in Post-Transition European Union Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-15, March.
    29. Weiguang Chen & Qing Guo, 2017. "Assessing the Effect of Carbon Tariffs on International Trade and Emission Reduction of China’s Industrial Products under the Background of Global Climate Governance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-17, June.
    30. De Haas, Ralph & Popov, Alexander, 2019. "Finance and carbon emissions," Working Paper Series 2318, European Central Bank.
    31. Bo Yang & Minhaj Ali & Shujahat Haider Hashmi & Mohsin Shabir, 2020. "Income Inequality and CO 2 Emissions in Developing Countries: The Moderating Role of Financial Instability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-24, August.
    32. Hamilton, Clive & Turton, Hal, 2002. "Determinants of emissions growth in OECD countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 63-71, January.
    33. Boutabba, Mohamed Amine, 2014. "The impact of financial development, income, energy and trade on carbon emissions: Evidence from the Indian economy," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 33-41.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ali, Amjad & Sumaira, Sumaira & Siddique, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar & Ashiq, Saima, 2023. "Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 118832, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mansor H. Ibrahim, 2018. "Trade–finance complementarity and carbon emission intensity: panel evidence from middle-income countries," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 38(4), pages 489-500, December.
    2. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Nasir, Muhammad Ali & Roubaud, David, 2018. "Environmental degradation in France: The effects of FDI, financial development, and energy innovations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 843-857.
    3. Ngo, Thanh & Trinh, Hai Hong & Haouas, Ilham & Ullah, Subhan, 2022. "Examining the bidirectional nexus between financial development and green growth: International evidence through the roles of human capital and education expenditure," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Ahmed Imran Hunjra & Tahar Tayachi & Muhammad Irfan Chani & Peter Verhoeven & Asad Mehmood, 2020. "The Moderating Effect of Institutional Quality on the Financial Development and Environmental Quality Nexus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-13, May.
    5. Tomiwa Sunday Adebayo & Seyi Saint Akadiri & Ilham Haouas & Husam Rjoub, 2023. "A Time-Varying Analysis between Financial Development and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from the MINT countries," Energy & Environment, , vol. 34(5), pages 1207-1227, August.
    6. Destek, Mehmet Akif & Sohag, Kazi & Aydın, Sercan & Destek, Gamze, 2022. "Foreign direct investment, stock market capitalization and sustainable development: Relative impacts of domestic and foreign capital," MPRA Paper 117551, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Predrag Petrović & Mikhail M. Lobanov, 2022. "Impact of financial development on CO2 emissions: improved empirical results," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(5), pages 6655-6675, May.
    8. Acheampong, Alex O. & Amponsah, Mary & Boateng, Elliot, 2020. "Does financial development mitigate carbon emissions? Evidence from heterogeneous financial economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    9. Asongu, Simplice A. & Odhiambo, Nicholas M., 2021. "Inequality, finance and renewable energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 678-688.
    10. Acheampong, Alex O., 2019. "Modelling for insight: Does financial development improve environmental quality?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 156-179.
    11. Asongu, Simplice & Vo, Xuan, 2020. "The Effect of Finance on Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Avoidable CO2 emissions Thresholds," MPRA Paper 103233, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Raghutla, Chandrashekar & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Chittedi, Krishna Reddy & Jiao, Zhilun, 2021. "Financing clean energy projects: New empirical evidence from major investment countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 231-241.
    13. Magdalena Ziolo & Krzysztof Kluza & Anna Spoz, 2019. "Impact of Sustainable Financial and Economic Development on Greenhouse Gas Emission in the Developed and Converging Economies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-30, November.
    14. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Ahmad, Nawaz & Alam, Shaista, 2016. "Financial development and environmental quality: The way forward," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 353-364.
    15. Sylvanus Kwaku Afesorgbor & Binyam Afewerk Demena, 2022. "Trade Openness and Environmental Emissions: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 81(2), pages 287-321, February.
    16. Kim, Dong-Hyeon & Wu, Yi-Chen & Lin, Shu-Chin, 2020. "Carbon dioxide emissions and the finance curse," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    17. Iftikhar Yasin & Nawaz Ahmad & Muhammad Aslam Chaudhary, 2021. "The impact of financial development, political institutions, and urbanization on environmental degradation: evidence from 59 less-developed economies," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 6698-6721, May.
    18. AhAtil, Ahmed & Bouheni, Faten Ben & Lahiani, Amine & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2019. "Factors influencing CO2 Emission in China: A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags Investigation," MPRA Paper 91190, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 02 Jan 2019.
    19. Mirza Md Moyen Uddin, 2020. "Does financial development stimulate environmental sustainability? Evidence from a panel study of 115 countries," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(6), pages 2871-2889, September.
    20. Paramati, Sudharshan Reddy & Ummalla, Mallesh & Apergis, Nicholas, 2016. "The effect of foreign direct investment and stock market growth on clean energy use across a panel of emerging market economies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 29-41.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:rfh:jprjor:v:8:y:2022:i:4:p:335-343. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Muhammad Irfan Chani (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/rffhlpk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.