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Energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions and electricity consumption: evidence from South Africa based on ARDL

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  • Hasson, Ashwaq
  • Masih, Mansur

Abstract

This paper undertakes to investigate the interplay between economic growth, energy consumption, electricity consumption, carbon emission and trade by employing recent South African trade and energy data during the period from 1971 to 2013. South Africa is used as a case study given its status as perhaps the most developed country in the African continent with a very high energy consumption as well as its unique position in its current history where it relies on the somewhat antiquated coal industry to provide most of its energy as well as being one of its main imports. The effect of trade openness on environmental conditions has spawned a great deal of controversy in the current energy economics literature. Although research on the relationship between energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth are quite prevalent, no study to our knowledge specifically addresses the role that South Africa’s trade plays in this context. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration has been used to test the long run relationship among the variables, while short run dynamics has been investigated by applying error correction method (ECM). The main finding of interest in this paper is that a positive relationship exists between energy consumption and economic growth. However, it seems the results suggest that electricity prices have a negative impact on economic growth. The results further evidenced that trade openness and electricity are leading variables, while the rest are lagging. Furthermore, our results demonstrate trade reduces overall pollutions caused by carbon emission, thus it improves environmental quality by contracting the growth of energy pollutants. Our empirical results are consistent with the existence of environmental Kuznets curve. It is, thus, imperative for policymakers to take better care of these two exogenous variables that will have a profound effect on the country’s economy as a whole. The policymakers should make decision on GDP based on trade openness because changes in trade openness will have impact on GDP, as trade is a leading variable.

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  • Hasson, Ashwaq & Masih, Mansur, 2017. "Energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions and electricity consumption: evidence from South Africa based on ARDL," MPRA Paper 79424, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:79424
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    2. Iorember, Paul Terhemba & Usman, Ojonugwa & Jelilov, Gylych, 2019. "Asymmetric Effects of Renewable Energy Consumption, Trade Openness and Economic Growth on Environmental Quality in Nigeria and South Africa," MPRA Paper 96333, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2019.
    3. Zainab Fatima & Faisal Nadeem Shah & Bilal Bashir & Muhammad Shazeb, 2022. "Impact of Energy Consumption and Trade on CO2 Emission in Pakistan," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 4(1), pages 99-105.
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    5. Horace Koranteng Nkansah & Shafic Suleman & Ishmael Ackah & Benjamin Ashitey Amarh & Dominic Eduah & John Abdulai Jinapor, 2022. "Determinants of Electricity Demand in Cote D’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-18, July.
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    7. Hongzhong Fan & Md Ismail Hossain & Mollah Aminul Islam & Yassin Elshain Yahia, 2019. "The Impact of Trade, Technology and Growth on Environmental Deterioration of China and India," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(1), pages 1-29, January.
    8. Tafirenyika Sunde, 2018. "The interaction of energy consumption and economic growth in South Africa: assessment from the bounds testing approach," International Journal of Sustainable Economy, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 10(2), pages 170-183.
    9. Ben Yedder, Nadia & El Weriemmi, Malek & Bakari, Sayef, 2023. "The Impact of Domestic Investment and Trade on Economic Growth in North Africa Countries: New Evidence from Panel CS-ARDL Model," MPRA Paper 117956, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    11. Ali Raza & Hongguang Sui & Kittisak Jermsittiparsert & Wioletta Żukiewicz-Sobczak & Pawel Sobczak, 2021. "Trade Liberalization and Environmental Performance Index: Mediation Role of Climate Change Performance and Greenfield Investment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-16, August.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    GDP; Energy consumption; Trade openness; EKC; Carbon Emission; South Africa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C58 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Financial Econometrics
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

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