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La détention de monnaie dans la théorie du cycle de vie

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  • Françoise Charpin

Abstract

[fre] La détention de monnaie dans la théorie du cycle de vie. . L'objet de cet article est d'analyser les conséquences de la détention de monnaie dans le cadre de la théorie du cycle de vie. On montre que le profil de consommation de l'agent dépend du taux d'intérêt nominal et éventuellement du taux d'inflation dans un modèle de cycle de vie où le taux d'emprunt est plus élevé que le taux de placement. Le sens de la dépendance varie selon l'intérêt que l'agent accorde aux services de liquidité rendus par la monnaie. Un agent qui tient à ces services aura un comportement de reconstitution d'encaisse réelle lorsque le prix de ces services augmentera. Par contre, un agent peu attaché à ces services aura un comportement de fuite devant la monnaie. C'est la dérivée seconde croisée de la fonction d'utilité qui mesure l'intérêt de l'agent pour les services de liquidité et qui définit donc son comportement. Pour obtenir une paramétrisation simple des comportements et de l'intensité avec laquelle ils s'exercent, on propose d'adopter une fonction d'utilité CES. Alors si l'élasticité et de substitution entre la monnaie et la consommation est inférieure à l'élasticité intertemporelle de substitution α, l'agent limite sa consommation pour reconstituer son encaisse réelle lorsque le prix des services de liquidité augmente, et plus l'élasticité α est faible plus la reconstitution est grande. Dans le cas contraire α > σ, l'agent fuit la monnaie et plus l'élasticité a est élevée plus il la fuit. Choisir une fonction CES n'est pas restrictif car toutes les situations peuvent être décrites, y compris la séparabilité de la fonction d'utilité (σ = α) et l'introduction de la monnaie dans une contrainte d'encaisse préalable plutôt que dans la fonction d'utilité (α = 0). [eng] Holding money in the life cycle theory. . The purpose of this paper is to analyze the consequences of holding money in the life cycle framework. We show that the consumption profile of an agent depends on the nominal interest rate and eventually of the inflation rate in a life cycle model in which the borrowing rate is higher than the lending rate. This dependence varies according to the utility that the agent obtains from liquidity services. An agent who values these services positively will rebuild his real balances when the priee of these services increases. On the contrary, an agent who attributes little importance to them, will fiee from money. The utility of the agent for liquidity services is measured by the second cross derivative of the utility function which therefore defines his behavior with respect to real money balances. To obtain a simple parametrization of agent's behavior, we choose a CES utility function. When the elasticity α of substitution between money and consumption is less than elasticity of intertemporal substitution α, the agent reduces his consumption in order to rebuild his real-balances, when faced with an increase in the price of liquidity services ; the lower the elasticily α, the higher is the rebuilding. At the opposite, when α > σ, the agent tends to run his money balances down to an extent which depends on the elasticity α. The choice of a CES utility function is not restrictive since ail cases can be described, including separability of the utility function (σ = α) and the cash-in-advance model (α = 0).

Suggested Citation

  • Françoise Charpin, 1992. "La détention de monnaie dans la théorie du cycle de vie," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 43(3), pages 419-444.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1992_num_43_3_409360
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    References listed on IDEAS

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