IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/reveco/reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_1_408512.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Qualification du travail et structure du commerce extérieur français

Author

Listed:
  • François Vellas

Abstract

[eng] Labour skills and french foreign trade structure. . The analysis of labour skill structure in French foreign trade allows tests on the international trade theory of labour qualification. The use of Input-Output techni­ques permits to assesd the labour content required for exports and replacement production for imports for nine different standards of labour skill structure.. The results show a deficit in thé totality of French exchanges for skilled work (mainly engineers and technicians). In counterpart, when bilateral exchanges are taken into account, the results can be qualified and they corroborate the theory of labour qualification. The intensity of skilled labour in exports to the United-States, West Germany and the United Kingdom (richer in skilled workers) is inferior to that of imports. One vérifies the opposite relation in bilateral exchanges with U.S.S.R., Morocco and Tunidia.. Therefore, the international theory of labour qualification seems to be relevant for bilateral trade. But it does not seem to be sufficient to explain the causes of international specialization of total trade, especially in the case of intermediate countries such as France trading both with more developed countries richer in skilled work and with less developed countries richer in unskilled work. [fre] L'analyse de la structure en qualification du travail du commerce extérieur français permet d'effectuer des tests de la théorie des qualifications d'emplois. L'utilisation des techniques Input-Output permet de déterminer les contenus en travail des exportations et des productions de remplacement des importations, pour neuf niveaux de qualifications.. Les résultats obtenus montrent un déficit des échanges totaux de la France en travail qualifié (principalement ingénieurs et techniciens). En revanche, la prise en cdrnpte des relations bilatérales permet de nuancer ces résultats et apporte une confirmation à la théorie des qualifications d'emplois. L'intensité en travail qualifié des exportations vers les Etats-Unis, l'Allemagne Fédérale et le Royaume-Uni (plus riches en travail qualifié) est inférieure à celle des importations. La relation inverse est constatée dans les échanges bilatéraux avec l'URSS, le Maroc et la Tunisie.. Dès lors, il semble que la théorie des qualifications d'emplois soit appropriée au commerce bilatéral. En revanche, elle né paraît pas susceptible d'expliquer les causes de la spécialisation internationale du commerce total, principalement dans le cas des pays intermédiaires tels que la France qui commerce à la fois avec des pays plus développés et plus riches en travail qualifié et avec des pays moins développés et plus riches en travail banal.

Suggested Citation

  • François Vellas, 1980. "Qualification du travail et structure du commerce extérieur français," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 31(1), pages 34-66.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_1_408512
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_1_408512
    Download Restriction: Data and metadata provided by Persée are licensed under a Creative Commons "Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0" License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Katrak, Homi, 1969. "An Empirical Test of Comparative Cost Theories: Japan, Peru, the United Kingdom and the United States," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 36(144), pages 389-399, November.
    2. Baldwin, Robert E, 1971. "Determinants of the Commodity Structure of U.S. Trade," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 61(1), pages 126-146, March.
    3. Jagdish Bhagwati, 1965. "The Pure Theory of International Trade: A Survey," Palgrave Macmillan Books,, Palgrave Macmillan.
    4. Henri Henner, 1976. "La spécialisation internationale de l'économie française," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 27(1), pages 31-53.
    5. Harry Johnson, 1970. "The State of Theory in Relation to the Empirical Analysis," NBER Chapters, in: The Technology Factor in International Trade, pages 9-24, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    6. Lowinger, Thomas C, 1971. "The Neo-Factor Proportions Theory of International Trade: An Empirical Investigation," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 61(4), pages 675-681, September.
    7. Keesing, Donald B., 1971. "Different countries' labor skill coefficients and the skill intensity of international trade flows," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 1(4), pages 443-452, November.
    8. Raymond Vernon, 1966. "International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 80(2), pages 190-207.
    9. Gary Hufbauer, 1970. "The Impact of National Characteristics & Technology on the Commodity Composition of Trade in Manufactured Goods," NBER Chapters, in: The Technology Factor in International Trade, pages 145-231, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    10. Leamer, Edward E, 1974. "The Commodity Composition of International Trade in Manufactures: An Empirical Analysis," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 26(3), pages 350-374, November.
    11. Gary S. Becker, 1975. "Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education, Second Edition," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number beck75-1, March.
    12. Tyler, William G, 1974. "Labour Absorption with Import-Substituting Industrialization: An Examination of Elasticities of Substitution in the Brazilian Manufacturing Sector," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 26(1), pages 93-103, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. François Rocherieux, 1981. "Sur la théorie des modèles inter-industriels : quelques remarques appliquées à l'analyse de l'emploi et du commerce international," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(5), pages 887-922.
    2. Julien Savary, 1981. "La France dans la division internationale du travail : une approche par l'investissement direct international," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 32(4), pages 713-753.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jean-Louis Mucchielli & B. Lassudrie-Duchêne, 1979. "Les échanges intra-branche et la hiérarchisation des avantages comparés dans le commerce international," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 30(3), pages 442-486.
    2. Foders, Federico, 1983. "Industriegüterexport und Faktorproportionenhypothese: Untersuchung am Beispiel der Exportstruktur Argentiniens," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 439, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    3. Helmut Forstner, 1984. "The changing pattern of international trade in manufactures: A logit analysis," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 120(1), pages 1-17, March.
    4. William H. Branson & Herbert Giersch & Peter G. Peterson, 1980. "Trends in United States International Trade and Investment since World War II," NBER Chapters, in: The American Economy in Transition, pages 183-274, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. James Hartigan, 1981. "The U.S. tariff and comparative advantage: A survey of method," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 117(1), pages 65-109, March.
    6. Fischer, Bernhard & Herken-Krauer, Juan-Carlos & Lücke, Matthias & Nunnenkamp, Peter, 1988. "Capital-intensive industries in newly industrializing countries: the case of the Brazilian automobile and steel industries," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 411, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    7. Yeats, Alexander J., 1990. "What do alternative measures of comparative advantage reveal about the composition of developing countries'exports?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 470, The World Bank.
    8. David Dollar, 1987. "Offshore Assembly by U.S. Computer Firms: Employment and Income Effects," UCLA Economics Working Papers 446, UCLA Department of Economics.
    9. Arnade, Carlos Anthony, 1994. "Testing two trade models in Latin American agriculture," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 10(1), pages 49-59, January.
    10. Pragya Bhawsar & Utpal Chattopadhyay, 2015. "Competitiveness: Review, Reflections and Directions," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 16(4), pages 665-679, August.
    11. Das, Gouranga G., 2002. "Cross-Country Analysis of Empirical Evidences of Intra-industry Trade in Manufactures for Dynamic Asian and Other Developing Economies: Implications for Economic Growth and Development," MPRA Paper 37916, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2002.
    12. Morrow, Peter M. & Trefler, Daniel, 2022. "How do endowments determine trade? quantifying the output mix, factor price, and skill-biased technology channels," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    13. H. Gray, 1980. "The theory of international trade among industrial Nations," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 116(3), pages 447-470, September.
    14. Lars Lundberg, 1992. "The structure of swedish international trade and specialization: “old” and “new” explanations," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 128(2), pages 266-287, June.
    15. Keshari, Pradeep Kumar & Saggar, Mridul, 2013. "A firm level study of the determinants of export performance in machinery and transport equipment industry of India," MPRA Paper 47127, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. repec:ilo:ilowps:271281 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Ozcelik, Emre & Taymaz, Erol, 2004. "Does innovativeness matter for international competitiveness in developing countries?: The case of Turkish manufacturing industries," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 409-424, April.
    18. William H. Branson, 1980. "Trends in U.S. International Trade and Investment since World War II," NBER Working Papers 0469, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Stokey, Nancy L, 1996. "Free Trade, Factor Returns, and Factor Accumulation," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 1(4), pages 421-447, December.
    20. Bernardina Algieri & Antonio Aquino & Marianna Succurro, 2022. "Trade Specialisation and Changing Patterns of Comparative Advantages in Manufactured Goods," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 8(3), pages 607-667, November.
    21. Liu, Zhiyuan & Xu, Yue & Wang, Peijie & Akamavi, Raphaël, 2016. "A pendulum gravity model of outward FDI and export," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(6), pages 1356-1371.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1980_num_31_1_408512. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/reco .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.