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Les finances du sport et l’éthique sportive

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  • Wladimir Andreff

Abstract

[fre] Le financement du Sport de masse provient principalement de quatre sources : le budget de l'État, les collectivités locales (surtout les communes), les entreprises privées (dont les médias) et les dépenses des ménages pour le sport. Elles sont analysées pour la France et dix autres pays européens. Le développement du spectacle sportif, et la professionalisation des athlètes) ont donné naissance à un véritable secteur économique. Il est financé par les recettes au guichet tirées des spectateurs, les droits de retransmission télévisée, la publicité, les sponsors, le merchandising. Des fusions et des acquisitions sont déjà survenues dans le football professionnel européen, le plus souvent motivées par la recherche du profit financier. Il y a un risque que le rôle dirigeant des fédérations dans le sport soit évincé par l'arrivée de nouveaux pouvoirs financiers mettant en danger l'éthique sportive. Une régulation des sports professionnels (comme aux États-Unis) paraît nécessaire. Elle devrait contribuer à endiguer les dérives engendrées par le « complexe financiaro-sportif », telles que les tricheries dans les compétitions, les malversations, les fausses facturations, les honoraires occultes et le dopage. Dans le pire des cas, la corruption, le blanchiment de l'argent sale et même la mafia russe pénètrent le sport. L'éthique sportive est menacée dans son existence même. [eng] Sports - finance and ethics. Finance is poured into sports for all, from four sources : the State budget, municipalities, private enterprises (including the media) and household expenditures on sport. These four sources are analysed in the case of France and ten other European countries. The development of sports events, and athletes' involvement in professional careers, have given rise to a new economic sector. The latter is financed by spectators (receipts at the stadium gates), TV broadcasting rights, advertising, sponsors, merchandising. Even some mergers and acquisitions have already occurred in European professional soccer : most of the time they are profit-oriented. There is a risk that the leading role of federations in sports will increasingly be ousted by new financial powers that will endanger sport ethics. Sport business requires sorne regulation (as in the U. S.) which should hinder the failures produced by the « finance-sport complex » such as cheating, embezzlement, false invoicing, hidden fees and drug-taking. In the worst case, corruption, money laundering and even the Russian Mafia are penetrating sports. The sports ethic is in danger of extinction.

Suggested Citation

  • Wladimir Andreff, 1999. "Les finances du sport et l’éthique sportive," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 55(5), pages 135-175.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:recofi:ecofi_0987-3368_1999_num_55_5_4939
    DOI: 10.3406/ecofi.1999.4939
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecofi.1999.4939
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gautier Fontanel & Liliane Bensahel & Jacques Fontanel, 2009. "Le sport, expression suprême de la mondialisation économique," Post-Print hal-02112682, HAL.
    2. Jacques Fontanel, 2000. "Sport et protection sociale," Post-Print hal-02983138, HAL.
    3. Andreff, Wladimir, 2013. "Une transition économique inattendue : vers le « cupidalisme » ?," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 14.
    4. Lionel Touchais, 2000. "Sport spectacle et contrôle de gestion : utopie ou réalité ? Etude des clubs de football professionnel," Post-Print halshs-00587514, HAL.
    5. Jacques Fontanel & Liliane Bensahel, 2000. "Les effets financiers et économiques de la construction d'un stade aux Etats-Unis," Post-Print hal-02977503, HAL.
    6. Jacques Fontanel & Liliane Bensahel, 2000. "Les fonctions économiques du sport," Post-Print hal-02881691, HAL.
    7. Jacques Fontanel, 2000. "Le financement des grands clubs de sport L'exemple du football Jacques Fontanel In Réflexions sur l'économie du sport," Post-Print hal-02977245, HAL.
    8. Jacques Fontanel, 2000. "La corruption dans le sport est-elle inévitable ?," Post-Print hal-02876705, HAL.
    9. Jacques Fontanel, 2009. "Le rôle socio-économique du sport professionnel," Post-Print hal-02154975, HAL.

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