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Faire valoir ses droits à l'Aide complémentaire santé : les résultats d'une expérimentation sociale

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  • Sophie Guthmuller
  • Florence Jusot
  • Jérôme Wittwer
  • Caroline Desprès

Abstract

L'Aide complémentaire santé (ACS) ou « chèque santé » a été mise en place en 2005 pour inciter les ménages dont le niveau de vie se situe juste au-dessus du plafond CMU-C à acquérir une couverture complémentaire santé grâce à une subvention. Même si le nombre de bénéficiaires a lentement progressé depuis son introduction, le recours à l'ACS reste faible. Deux hypothèses peuvent expliquer cet état de fait : (1) le défaut d'information sur l'existence du dispositif, son fonctionnement et sur les démarches à entreprendre pour en bénéficier ; (2) un montant d'aide insuffisant, la complémentaire resterait trop chère même après déduction de l'aide. Afin de tester la validité de ces deux hypothèses, une expérimentation sociale contrôlée a été mise en place par l'université Paris-Dauphine à Lille auprès d'un échantillon de 4 209 assurés sociaux potentiellement éligibles à l'ACS. Un montant majoré d'aide ainsi qu'un accès différencié à l'information sur le dispositif ont été proposés de manière aléatoire à certains assurés. Les résultats montrent de manière robuste que la majoration du montant du « chèque santé » améliore légèrement le taux de recours à l'ACS et permet de mieux cibler les personnes effectivement éligibles. Toutefois, l'ACS reste un dispositif compliqué qui touche difficilement sa cible : au total, seuls 17 % des assurés ont fait une demande d'ACS. Seuls 9 % des assurés invités à participer à une réunion d'information y ont effectivement assisté, et l'invitation à cette réunion a largement découragé les autres assurés, annulant ainsi l'effet de la majoration du chèque. Enfin, seuls 55 % des assurés ayant déposé une demande ont reçu l'aide, les autres s'étant vu refuser l'aide en raison, le plus souvent, de ressources trop élevées. La difficulté à cibler la population éligible et l'incertitude importante sur l'éligibilité qui en résulte sont certainement des freins s'ajoutant à la complexité des démarches.
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Suggested Citation

  • Sophie Guthmuller & Florence Jusot & Jérôme Wittwer & Caroline Desprès, 2012. "Faire valoir ses droits à l'Aide complémentaire santé : les résultats d'une expérimentation sociale," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 455(1), pages 53-70.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2012_num_455_1_10017
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2012.10017
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2012.10017
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    1. A. D. Roy, 1951. "Some Thoughts On The Distribution Of Earnings," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 3(2), pages 135-146.
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