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La place du travail dans les identités

Author

Listed:
  • Hélène Garner
  • Dominique Méda
  • Claudia Sénik

Abstract

[ger] Platz der Arbeit in · den IdentiUiten . . Anhand der Erhebung Lebensgeschichte lasst sich aufzeigen, welchen Platz die Arbeit unter den verschiedenen Komponenten der Identitat von Personen einnimmt und welche Bedeutung diese ihr vergleichsweise beimessen. 40 % der Befragten und 54 % . der Erwerbstatigen sind der Ansicht, dass die Arbeit eines der drei Elemente ist, die «die am meisten über sie aussagen, die ihre Identifizierung ermëglichen»; sie Iiegt weit hinter der Familie auf dem zweiten Platz. Nach Meinung von 7 % der Befragten ist die Arbeit das Hauptelement ihrer Identitat, wahrend 60 % die Arbeit nicht unter den drei Identifikationsthemen erwahnen. Zwei Drittel der Erwerbstatigen mit einer Beschaftigung geben an, dass für sie «die Arbeit ziemlich wichtig ist, aber nicht so wichtig wie andere Dinge». Zwei Effekte spielen anscheinend bei der Tatsache eine Rolle, dass die Arbeit von anderen Tatigkeiten, Lebensbereichen oder Werten in den Hintergrund gedrangt wird: der eine hat mit der Arbeit und ihren Bedingungen zu tun, was insbesondere die «Zurückhaltung» der intermediaren Berufe, der Angestellten und Arbeiter erklaren kann; der andere ist auBerhalb der Arbeit angesiedelt und zeigt den objektiven Wettbewerb zwischen Berufsund Familienleben, insbesondere bei den Frauen. Einwanderer und Personen mit Migrationshintergrund, die in der Erhebung überreprasentiert waren, nehmen gegenüber der Arbeit eine Position ein, die diese beiden Effekte nicht für sich alleine zu erklaren vermëgen. [eng] The Role of Work in Personal Identity . . The Life Story (" Histoire de vie'') survey highlights the role of work amongst the various constituent elements of personal identity and the relative importance people give it in their own identity. Although 40% of those questioned and 54% of the labour force consider work to be one of the three elements that " best defines them", it comes in second place far behind family. 7% of those questioned consider work as the main element in their personal identity, and 60% do not list work as one of the three identification themes. Two thirds of people in employment state that " work is quite important, but not as important as other things": . . . . . work seems to be in direct competition with other activities, areas of life and values. There seem to be two factors at work here: one is linked to work and to working conditions, which notably helps to explain the " withdrawal" of intermediaries, white-collar workers and blue-collar workers, whilst the other is linked to life outside of work, which highlights the conflict between professionallife and family life, particularly for women. However, these two factors are not enough to explain the position of immigrants and people from immigrant backgrounds, who are overrepresented in the survey, with regard to work. [fre] La place du travail dans les identités . . L'enquête Histoire de vie permet de mettre en évidence la place qu'occupe le travail parmi les différents éléments constitutifs de l'identité des personnes ainsi que l'importance relative que celles-ci lui accordent. Si 40 % des personnes interrogées et 54 % des actifs jugent que le travail est l'un des trois éléments qui «leur correspondent le mieux, qui permettent de les définir», il vient en seconde position loin derrière la famille. 7 % des personnes interrogées considèrent le travail comme l'élément principal de leur identité et 60 % des enquêtés ne citent pas le travail parmi les trois thèmes d'identification. Les deux tiers des actifs en emploi indiquent que pour eux «le travail est assez . . . . . important, mais moins que d'autres choses». Deux effets semblent à l'oeuvre dans le fait que le travail semble concurrencé par d'autres activités, domaines de vie ou valeurs: l'un lié au travail et à ses conditions d'exercice, susceptible d'expliquer notamment la position de . «retrait» des professions intermédiaires, des employés et des ouvriers, l'autre, extérieur au travail, qui met en évidence la concurrence objective dans laquelle se trouvent vie professionnelle et vie familiale, notamment pour les femmes. Les immigrés et les individus issus de l'immigration, surreprésentés dans l'enquête développent par rapport au travail une position que ces deux effets ne suffisent pas à expliquer. [spa] El lugar dei trabajo en las identidades . . La encuesta Histoire de vie (Historia de vida) permite poner de relieve el lugar ocupado por el trabajo entre los elementos constitutivos de la identidad de las personas, as! como la ifnportancia relativa que éstas le dan. Si el 40 % de las personas cuestionadas y el 54 % de los activos piensan que el trabajo es unD de los tres elementos que «les corresponden mejor y permiten definirlas. », esta en segunda posicion, mucha después de la famifia. Un 7 % de las personas cuestionadas consideran el trabajo como el elemento principal de su identidad . y el 60 % de los encuestados no mencionan el trabajo en los tres temas de identificacion. Dos tercios de los activos que trabajan indican que, para el/ os, «el . . . . trabajo es bastante importante, pero menos que otras cosas». Dos efectosparecen actuar en el hecho que el trabajo aparezca en competicion con otras actividades, campos de vida 0 valores: unD vinculado al trabajo y . sus condiciones de ejercicio, susceptible de explicar, en particular, la posicion de «retaguardia» de los oficios intermedios, empleados y obreros; otro, exterior al trabajo, que evidencia la competicion objetiva que hay entre vida profesional y vida famifiar, en particular para las mujeres. Los inmigrados y los individuos procedentes de la inmigracion, sobrerrepresentados en la encuesta, desarroI/ an una posicion con relacion al trabajo que no . se puede explicar con solo estos dos efectos.

Suggested Citation

  • Hélène Garner & Dominique Méda & Claudia Sénik, 2006. "La place du travail dans les identités," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 393(1), pages 21-40.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2006_num_393_1_7140
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2006.7140
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2006.7140
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Alain Chenu, 2002. "Les horaires et l'organisation du temps de travail," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 352(1), pages 151-167.
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    8. Clark, Andrew E. & Senik, Claudia, 2006. "The (unexpected) structure of "rents" on the French and British labour markets," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 180-196, April.
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    10. Jean-Louis Dayan & Annick Echardour & Michel Glaude, 1996. "Le parcours professionnel des immigrés en France : une analyse longitudinale," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 299(1), pages 107-128.
    11. Isabelle Ville & France Guérin-Pace, 2005. "Interroger les identités : l'élaboration d'une enquête en France," Population (french edition), Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED), vol. 60(3), pages 277-305.
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Simon & Vincent Tiberj, 2012. "Les registres de l'identité : les immigrés et leurs descendants face à l'identité nationale," Working Papers 176, Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED).
    2. Emmanuelle Crenner & Olivier Donnat & France Guérin-Pace & Frédérique Houseaux & Isabelle Ville, 2006. "L'élaboration d'une enquête quantitative sur la construction des identités," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 393(1), pages 7-20.
    3. Lucie DAVOINE & Dominique MÉDA, 2009. "Work more to earn more? The mixed feelings of Europeans," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 148(1-2), pages 15-46, June.
    4. Emmanuelle Crenner, 2006. "Rôles familiaux et identité," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 393(1), pages 185-202.
    5. Patrick Gilbert & Florent Noël, 2021. "Work and Its Content, a Blind Spot in the Representations of Executives [El trabajo y su contenido, un ángulo muerto en las representaciones de los dirigentes]," Post-Print hal-03265940, HAL.

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