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Une évaluation économique du paysage ; suivi d'un commentaire de Jean Cavailhès

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  • Jeanne Dachary-Bernard
  • Jean Cavailhès

Abstract

[fre] Une évaluation économique du paysage . Une application de la méthode des choix multi-attributs aux Monts d’Arrée . Le paysage breton des Monts d’Arrée connaît depuis plusieurs années des transformations importantes qui amènent les institutions locales à envisager des mesures paysagères particulières. Dans un contexte de préoccupations environnementales croissantes et de prise de conscience économique de l’enjeu paysager, la méthode des choix multi-attributs est appliquée à l’évaluation économique du paysage des Monts d’Arrée. À partir des préférences des touristes pour les attributs paysagers de la zone •exprimées par voie d’enquête sur le terrrain •on estime les consentements à payer pour des transformations de ces attributs (lande tourbeuse, bâti non traditionnel et trame bocagère). Jusqu’ici peu appliquée à la sphère de l’économie de l’environnement, la méthode d’évaluation des choix multi-attributs est présentée en soulignant l’intérêt de cette technique pour évaluer un bien tel que le paysage rural. L’originalité de certains résultats concerne notamment la mise en évidence d’un conflit d’usage de l’attribut lande entre les gestionnaires locaux et les touristes, ce qui amène à s’interroger sur ce qui justifie la mise en oeuvre d’une mesure paysagère. La relation de l’utilité indirecte à l’attribut monétaire est également analysée à partir de l’idée de satisfaction morale procurée par le financement d’un bien public comme la protection ou la restauration d’un paysage. [spa] Una evaluación económica del paisaje . Una aplicación del método de las opciones multi atributos a los Monts d’Arrée . El paisaje bretón de los Monts d’Arrée sufre desde hace varios años unas transformaciones importantes que hacen que las instituciones locales estén pensando en unas medidas de restauración del paisaje especiales. En ese contexto de preocupaciones medioambientales crecientes y de toma de conciencia económica del papel del paisaje, el método de las opciones multi atributos se aplica a la evaluación económica del paisaje de los Monts d’Arrée. A partir de las preferencias de los turistas por los atributos del paisaje de la zona •expresadas por medio de una encuesta de terreno •se estima la disposición por pagar por unas transformaciones de esos atributos (landa turbosa, arquitectura no tradicional, y bocage). Poco aplicado hasta ahora a la esfera de la economía del medio ambiente, el método de evaluación de las opciones multi atributos se presenta aquí subrayando el interés de esa técnica a la hora de valorar el recurso que puede ser el paisaje rural. La originalidad de algunos resultados radica ante todo en la manifestación de un conflicto de uso del atributo landa entre los actores locales y los turistas, lo que nos lleva a interrogarnos sobre lo que justifica la instauración de una medida de protección-restauración del paisaje. La relación de la utilidad indirecta al atributo monetario se analiza igualmente a partir de la idea de satisfacción moral proporcionada por la financiación de un bien público como lo son la protección o la restauración de un paisaje. [ger] Wirtschaftliche Evaluierung einer Landschaft . Anwendung der Methode der Wahl zwischen mehreren Attributen auf das Gebiet von Monts d’Arrée . Seit mehreren Jahren erfährt die bretonische Landschaft von Monts d’Arrée wichtige Veränderungen, die die lokalen Behörden veranlassen, besondere landschaftliche Maßnahmen in Betracht zu ziehen. In einem Kontext, in dem Umweltanliegen zunehmend in den Vordergrund treten und man sich der wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung der Landschaft bewusst wird, wird mittels der Methode der Wahl zwischen mehreren Attributen eine wirtschaftliche Evaluierung der Landschaft von Monts d’Arrée vorgenommen. Auf der Grundlage der Präferenzen der Touristen für die landschaftlichen Merkmale des Gebiets, die durch Umfragen vor Ort ermittelt wurden, wird geschätzt, inwieweit die Bereitschaft besteht, für die Umwandlung dieser Attribute zu zahlen (Torfheide, nicht herkömmliche Bebauung und Heckenlandschaft). Die Evaluierung der Wahl zwischen mehreren Attributen, die in der Umweltökonomie bislang nur selten zur Anwendung gekommen ist, wird erläutert, wobei der Nutzen dieser Methode für die Evaluierung des Gutes, das die Naturlandschaft darstellt, betont wird. Hervorstechen bestimmte Ergebnisse wie insbesondere das Aufzeigen eines Nutzungskonflikts des Attributs Heide zwischen den lokalen Akteuren und den Touristen, was Fragen hinsichtlich der Rechtfertigung einer landwirtschaftlichen Maßnahme aufwirft. Ebenfalls analysiert wird die Beziehung zwischen dem indirekten Nutzen und dem monetären Attribut, und zwar anhand der ideellen Zufriedenheit, die durch die Finanzierung eines öffentlichen Gutes wie des Schutzes oder des Erhalts einer Landschaft erzielt wird. [eng] An Economic Evaluation of the Landscape . An Application of the Multi-Attribute Choice Method to Monts d’Arrée . The Breton landscape of Monts d’Arrée has experienced extensive changes in recent years, leading local institutions to envisage special landscape measures. In a climate of growing environmental concerns and economic awareness of the landscape issue, the multiattribute choice method is applied to the economic evaluation of the Monts d’Arrée landscape. Based on tourists’ preferences for the area’s landscape attributes •expressed by a field survey •we estimate willingness to pay for changes to these attributes (boggy moors, non-traditional building and a landscape of small fields and hedges). The multi-attribute choice evaluation method has rarely been applied to the environmental economy and is presented here with an emphasis on the usefulness of this technique for evaluating a good such as the rural landscape. Certain findings are original in that they bring to light a moor-attribute use conflict between local managers and tourists, which raises the question as to what grounds justify implementing a landscape measure. The ratio of indirect utility to the monetary attribute is also analysed based on the idea of moral satisfaction procured by financing a public good such as the protection and restoration of a landscape.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeanne Dachary-Bernard & Jean Cavailhès, 2004. "Une évaluation économique du paysage ; suivi d'un commentaire de Jean Cavailhès," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 373(1), pages 57-80.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2004_num_373_1_7259
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2004.7259
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2004.7259
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    References listed on IDEAS

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