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La cessation d’activité au sein des couples : y-a-t-il interdépendance des choix ? Suivi d'un commentaire d’Antoine Bommier

Author

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  • Béatrice Sédillot
  • Emmanuelle Walraet
  • Antoine Bommier

Abstract

[fre] La cessation d’activité au sein des couples: y a-t-il interdépendance des choix? . . Dans la plupart des modèles de choix de départ à la retraite, la liquidation des droits est analysée comme le résultat d’un arbitrage individuel entre consommation et loisir: elle ne prend pas en compte la présence d’un conjoint. Or, plusieurs facteurs pourraient générer une interdépendance entre les décisions d’activité des deux conjoints: la complémentarité des préférences pour le loisir (un individu peut accorder plus de valeur à son loisir lorsqu’il le partage avec son conjoint), une possible similarité des goûts des deux membres du ménage, la dimension familiale des barèmes de retraite (notamment par l’existence de pensions de réversion). Plusieurs approches complémentaires de l’interdépendance des choix des conjoints sont envisagées. L’analyse descriptive des comportements de cessation d’activité des couples semble accréditer l’idée d’une certaine interdépendance des choix des conjoints conduisant à un effort de rapprochement des dates de cessation. Mais la forte pénalisation des départs anticipés dans le régime général limite la portée de cet effet, comme l’illustrent des simulations sur cas type. L’estimation d’un modèle économétrique montre que les femmes intègrent la situation d’activité de leur conjoint dans leur décision de cessation d’activité alors que les comportements des hommes semblent moins sensibles à la situation de leur conjointe. [eng] Couples and Retirement: Are Choices Interdependent? . . In most retirement choice models, the age at which pensions are collected is analysed as the result of an individual choice between consumption and leisure. It does not take into account the presence of a spouse. Yet a number of factors could generate an interdependence of working decisions between two spouses: complementary leisure preferences (individuals may place greater value on their leisure when they share it with their spouse), potentially similar tastes between the two members of the household, and the family aspect of pension scales (especially with the existence of survivorship pensions). A number of complementary approaches to the interdependence of spouses’ choices are considered. The descriptive analysis of couples’ retirement patterns gives substance to the idea of a certain interdependence of spouses’ choices, giving rise to an effort to synchronise retirement dates. However, the considerable penalisation of early retirement under the general scheme limits the scope of this effect, as shown by typical case simulations. The estimation of an econometric model shows that women incorporate their spouse’s working situation into their retirement decision, whereas the men’s behaviour appears to be less sensitive to their spouse’s situation. [ger] Ausscheiden eines Ehepartners aus dem Erwerbsleben: gibt es eine Interdependenz der Wahl? . . In den meisten Modellen über den freiwilligen Eintritt in den Ruhestand wird die Feststellung des Ruhegehalts als das Ergebnis einer individuellen Wahl zwischen Konsum und Freizeit analysiert, sodass die Präsenz eines Ehepartners unberücksichtigt bleibt. Bei der Entscheidung beider Ehepartner, einer Erwerbstätigkeit nachzugehen oder nicht, kann es jedoch eine Interdependenz zwischen mehreren Faktoren geben, nämlich Komplementarität der Freizeitpräferenzen (ein Individuum kann seiner Freizeit eine größere Bedeutung beimessen, wenn es sie mit dem Ehepartner teilt), gleicher Geschmack der beiden Ehepartner sowie familiäre Aspekte der Höhe der Rente (insbesondere das Vorhandensein einer Hinterbliebenenrente). Denkbar sind mehrere komplementäre Ansätze, um die Interdependenz der Wahl der Ehepartner zu untersuchen. Die deskriptive Analyse der Verhaltensweisen der Ehepaare hinsichtlich des Ausscheidens aus dem Berufsleben scheint eine gewisse Interdependenz zwischen der Wahl der Ehepartner zu bestätigen, da beide sich bemühen, zu möglichst gleichen Zeitpunkten diesen Schritt zu tun. Da jedoch ein vorgezogener Eintritt in den Ruhestand die Rentenansprüche des gesetzlichen Systems stark mindert, ist dieser Effekt begrenzt, wie entsprechende Simulationen belegen. Die Schätzung eines ökometrischen Modells zeigt, dass die Frauen bei ihrer Entscheidung, aus dem Berufsleben auszuscheiden, die Situation ihres Mannes berücksichtigen, während die Verhaltensweisen der Männer durch die Situation ihrer Frau weniger beeinflusst werden. [spa] La cesación de actividad en las parejas: ¿ habrá una interdependencia de las decisiones? . . Entre la mayoría de los modelos de decisión de jubilarse, la liquidación de los derechos se analiza como el resultado de un arbitraje individual entre consumo y ocio: esos modelos no toman en cuenta la presencia de un cónyuge. Ahora bien, varios factores podrían crear una interdependencia entre las decisiones de actividad de los dos cónyuges: la complementariedad de las preferencias por el ocio (un individuo puede darle mayor precio al ocio cuando lo comparte con su cónyuge), una posible similitud de los gustos de los dos miembros del hogar, la dimensión familiar de los baremos de pensión (en especial en el caso de las pensiones de reversión). Se examinan aquí varios enfoques complementarios de la interdependencia de las decisiones de los cónyuges. El análisis descriptivo de los comportamientos de cesación de actividad de las parejas parece confirmar la idea de cierta interdependencia de las decisiones de los cónyuges que se traduce por unas fechas de cesación cercanas. Pero la penalidad que afecta a las salidas anticipadas en el régimen general limita el alcance de ese efecto como lo muestran las simulaciones sobre caso tipo. La estimación de un modelo econométrico muestra que las mujeres integran la situación de actividad de su cónyuge al decidirse por cesar la actividad mientras que los comportamientos de los hombres parecen menos relacionados con la situación de su cónyuge.

Suggested Citation

  • Béatrice Sédillot & Emmanuelle Walraet & Antoine Bommier, 2002. "La cessation d’activité au sein des couples : y-a-t-il interdépendance des choix ? Suivi d'un commentaire d’Antoine Bommier," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 357(1), pages 79-102.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2002_num_357_1_7666
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2002.7666
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2002.7666
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael D. Hurd, 1990. "The Joint Retirement Decision of Husbands and Wives," NBER Chapters, in: Issues in the Economics of Aging, pages 231-258, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Blau, David M. & Riphahn, Regina T., 1999. "Labor force transitions of older married couples in Germany," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 6(2), pages 229-252, June.
    3. Blau, David M, 1998. "Labor Force Dynamics of Older Married Couples," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 16(3), pages 595-629, July.
    4. An, M.Y. & Christensen, B.J. & Gupta, N.D., 1999. "A Bivariate Duration Model of the Joint Retirement Decisions of Married Couples," Papers 99-10, Centre for Labour Market and Social Research, Danmark-.
    5. Gustman, Alan L & Steinmeier, Thomas L, 2000. "Retirement in Dual-Career Families: A Structural Model," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 18(3), pages 503-545, July.
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    1. Idriss Fontaine, 2019. "The interaction between labour force participation of older men and their wife: lessons from France," TEPP Working Paper 2019-01, TEPP.

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