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Les trente-cinq heures : un réexamen des effets sur l'emploi

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  • Christian Gianella

Abstract

[eng] Assessments of the “ Aubry Laws ” – which established the 35-hour workweek in France – generally rely on business data. These make it possible to identify only the short-term effects, when work-sharing can reduce cyclical unemployment. Our article studies the medium-term effects of the Aubry Laws using a disaggregated model of the labor market to examine the legislation’s three components : (1) shortening of working time per se, (2) greater opportunities for workplace reorganization, and (3) cuts in social contributions. The findings show a net loss of jobs linked to the sharp decline in productivity, but this impact is cushioned by the introduction of flexible working time and cuts in social contributions. [fre] Les évaluations des « lois Aubry » de réduction du temps de travail reposent généralement sur des données d’entreprises, qui ne permettent d’en identifier que les effets à court terme, lorsque le partage du travail est en mesure de réduire le volant de chômage conjoncturel. Cet article étudie les effets des lois Aubry à moyen terme, à partir d’un modèle désagrégé du marché du travail, en étudiant séparément ses trois composantes : la réduction du temps de travail per se, les possibilités accrues de réorganisation des entreprises et enfin les allégements de cotisations sociales. Il en ressort une perte nette d’emploi , liée à la forte baisse de productivité, limitée toutefois par la flexibilisation du temps de travail et par les allégements de cotisations sociales.

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  • Christian Gianella, 2006. "Les trente-cinq heures : un réexamen des effets sur l'emploi," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 175(4), pages 163-178.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_2006_num_175_4_7569
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.2006.7569
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.2006.7569
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Christian Gianella & Sandrine Duchêne & Sébastien Doisy, 2004. "Un modèle d’appariement avec hétérogénéité du facteur travail : un nouvel outil d’évaluation des politiques économiques," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 162(1), pages 1-22.
    2. Christopher A. Pissarides & Barbara Petrongolo, 2001. "Looking into the Black Box: A Survey of the Matching Function," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 39(2), pages 390-431, June.
    3. Christopher A. Pissarides, 2000. "Equilibrium Unemployment Theory, 2nd Edition," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262161877, December.
    4. Steven J. Davis & John Haltiwanger, 1992. "Gross Job Creation, Gross Job Destruction, and Employment Reallocation," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 107(3), pages 819-863.
    5. Bruno Crépon & Marie Leclair & Sébastien Roux, 2004. "RTT, productivité et emploi : nouvelles estimations sur données d'entreprises," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 376(1), pages 55-89.
    6. P. BISCOURP & Ch. GIANELLA, 2001. "Substitution and complementarity between capital, skilled and less skilled workers: an analysis at the firm level in the French manufacturing industry," Documents de Travail de la DESE - Working Papers of the DESE g2001-13, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, DESE.
    7. Patricia M. Anderson & Simon M. Burgess, 2000. "Empirical Matching Functions: Estimation and Interpretation Using State-Level Data," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 82(1), pages 93-102, February.
    8. Cahuc, P. & Saint-Martin, A. & Zylberberg, A., 2001. "The consequences of the minimum wage when other wages are bargained over," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 337-352, February.
    9. Bruno Crépon & Christian Gianella, 2001. "Fiscalité et coût d'usage du capital : incidences sur l'investissement, l'activité et l'emploi," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 341(1), pages 107-128.
    10. Alain Gubian & Stéphane Jugnot & Frédéric Lerais & Vladimir Passeron, 2004. "Les effets de la RTT sur l'emploi : des estimations ex ante aux évaluations ex post," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 376(1), pages 25-54.
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    1. Bertrand Lhommeau & Véronique Rémy, 2009. "Les politiques d’allégements ont-elles un effet sur la mobilité salariale des travailleurs à bas salaire ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 429(1), pages 21-49.

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