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Le coin salarial en France depuis 1970

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  • Yannick L'Horty
  • Renaud Méary
  • Nicolas Sobczak

Abstract

[ger] Die Entwicklung des sogenannten "wage wedge" in Frankreich seit 1970, . von Yannick L'Horty, Renaud Méary, Nicolas Sobczak.. . Unter "wage wedge" ist der Unterschied zwischen den realen Arbeitskosten des Arbeitgebers und der Kaufkraft des Lohns nach Abzug sämtlicher Abgaben zu verstehen. Er hängt von der Höhe der Sozial- und Steuerabgaben sowie von den Austauschrelationen ab, die die Verbraucherpreise, auf die die Arbeitnehmer achten, und die Erzeugerpreise, denen das Interesse der Arbeitgeber gilt, in Verhältnis setzen. Seit Beginn der siebziger Jahre hat der so gemessene "wage wedge" in Frankreich stark zugenommen; denn 1970 betrugen die Arbeitskosten ca. 1,9-mal soviel wie der Lohn nach Abzug sämtlicher Abgaben, während sich dieser Wert 1993 auf 2,3 beläuft. Zurückzufuhren ist diese Steigerung im wesentlichen auf die Erhöhung der Sozialbeiträge. Die Zunahme des "wage wedge" kann zwar den Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit erklären helfen, die Entwicklungsrichtung seiner Progression ist, so scheint es, jedoch weniger eindeutig. [spa] Transferencias fiscales, reparto del ingreso y equilibrio de los empleos de servicio, . por Didier Blanchet.. . Este artículo propone un modelo que describe el equilibrio de los empleos de proximidad y su articulación con el sistema de transferencias. Un modelo microeconómico desagregado describe la interacción entre la oferta y la demanda de estos servicios : modelo de subsidio sectorial del lado de la oferta, explicado por las diferencias de productividad individual en el sector principal, arbitraje trabajo doméstico / trabajo mercante del lado de la demanda. El artículo presenta la estructura de un modelo semejante y algunos resultados analíticos simples. [eng] The Wage Wedge in France Since 1970, . by Yannick L'Horty, Renaud Méary and Nicolas Sobczak.. . The wage wedge represents the deviation between the real cost of labour borne by the employer and the purchasing power of the wage net of all contributions. It depends on the weight of tax and social security contributions as well as on the terms of trade, which relate the consumer prices to which employees are sensitive to the producer prices heeded by employers. The wage wedge thus measured has increased sharply in France since the early 1970s. In 1970, the cost of labour represented approximately 1.9 times the wage net of all contributions. By 1993, this value had risen to 2.3. The increase is due essentially to the rise in social contributions. Although the growth of the wage wedge could help to explain the rise in unemployment, the development of its progressiveness would seem to have had a more ambiguous effect. [fre] Le coin salarial en France depuis 1970, . par Yannick L'Horty, Renaud Méary, Nicolas Sobczak.. . Le coin salarial représente l'écart entre le coût du travail réel supporté par l'employeur et le pouvoir d'achat du salaire net de tout prélèvement. Il dépend d'une part du poids des prélèvements sociaux et fiscaux, qu'ils soient directs et indirects, et d'autre part des termes de l'échange, qui rapportent les prix à la consommation, auxquels les salariés sont sensibles, aux prix à la production, que considèrent les employeurs. Depuis le début des années soixante-dix, le coin salarial ainsi mesuré a fortement augmenté en France : en 1970, le coût du travail représentait environ 1,9 fois le salaire net de tout prélèvement ; en 1993, cette valeur atteint 2,3. Cette hausse trouve essentiellement son origine dans la progression des cotisations sociales versées par les employeurs et les salariés. Par ailleurs, la progressivité du coin salarial est demeurée relativement stable sur les vingt dernières années, malgré la moindre dégressivité des prélèvements sociaux. Si l'accroisssement du coin salarial peut contribuer à expliquer la montée du chômage, l'évolution de la progressivité aurait joué dans un sens plus ambigu.

Suggested Citation

  • Yannick L'Horty & Renaud Méary & Nicolas Sobczak, 1994. "Le coin salarial en France depuis 1970," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 115(4), pages 93-106.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1994_num_115_4_5688
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1994.5688
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1994.5688
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    Cited by:

    1. Marceline Bodier, 2000. "Les divergences d'évolution des marchés du travail allemand et européens," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 332(1), pages 65-82.

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