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Making, Buying, and Concurrent Sourcing: Implications for Operating Leverage and Stock Beta

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  • Bart M. Lambrecht
  • Grzegorz Pawlina
  • João C. A. Teixeira

Abstract

We present a real options model of a firm’s make-or-buy decision under demand uncertainty. "Making" is subject to decreasing returns to scale, fixed costs, and capital investment. "Buying" happens at a fixed price and requires no investment. Three distinct procurement regimes endogenously arise: buying, making, or concurrent sourcing for, respectively, low, intermediate, and high demand. Capital constraints encourage buying or concurrent sourcing. Operating leverage peaks when the firm switches between buying and making, and it is lowest (and negative) at the switch between making and concurrent sourcing. This non-monotonic pattern mirrors and drives the behavior of the firm’s beta.

Suggested Citation

  • Bart M. Lambrecht & Grzegorz Pawlina & João C. A. Teixeira, 2016. "Making, Buying, and Concurrent Sourcing: Implications for Operating Leverage and Stock Beta," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 20(3), pages 1013-1043.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:revfin:v:20:y:2016:i:3:p:1013-1043.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rof/rfv027
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    Cited by:

    1. Pennings, Enrico, 2017. "Real options with ex-post division of the surplus," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 200-206.
    2. Di Corato, Luca & Moretto, Michele & Rossini, Gianpaolo, 2017. "Financing flexibility: The case of outsourcing," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 35-65.
    3. Lambrecht, Bart M., 2017. "Real options in finance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 166-171.
    4. Choi, Jongmoo Jay & Ju, Ming & Trigeorgis, Lenos & Zhang, Xiaotian Tina, 2021. "Outsourcing flexibility under financial constraints," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    5. Luis García‐Feijóo & Benjamin A. Jansen, 2023. "International evidence on the association of leverage with stock returns and the value premium," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 58(2), pages 315-341, May.

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