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Quantifying Operational Synergies in a Merger/Acquisition

Author

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  • Diwakar Gupta

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455)

  • Yigal Gerchak

    (Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel)

Abstract

Merger and acquisition activity has increased sharply in the last decade. It seems useful to have models that can help senior managers of bidder firms make informed decisions about the amount of premium, over the target's share prices prevailing prior to merger announcement, that can be justified on the basis of operational synergies. The goal of this article is to capture important parameters from the production side that have a bearing on the valuation of the target's shares. We show that the production characteristics of both the bidder and the target matter in a significant way. For example, if the bidder and target operate in independent markets, the bidder has flexible production facilities but the target's production facilities are inflexible, then an increase in the bidder's demand can make the target less attractive and lower the value of operational synergy.

Suggested Citation

  • Diwakar Gupta & Yigal Gerchak, 2002. "Quantifying Operational Synergies in a Merger/Acquisition," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(4), pages 517-533, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ormnsc:v:48:y:2002:i:4:p:517-533
    DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.48.4.517.209
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    Cited by:

    1. Bisceglia, Michele & Piccolo, Salvatore & Tarantino, Emanuele, 2023. "M&A advisory and the merger review process," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    2. Kathryn Rudie Harrigan & Maria Chiara Guardo & Bo Cowgill, 2017. "Multiplicative-innovation synergies: tests in technological acquisitions," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 42(5), pages 1212-1233, October.
    3. Xiaomeng Guo & Yunjuan Kuang & Chi To Ng, 2023. "To centralize or decentralize: Mergers under price and quality competition," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(3), pages 844-862, March.
    4. Diwakar Gupta & Lei Wang, 2009. "A Stochastic Inventory Model with Trade Credit," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 11(1), pages 4-18, November.
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    6. Ananth V. Iyer & Apurva Jain, 2004. "Modeling the Impact of Merging Capacity in Production-Inventory Systems," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 50(8), pages 1082-1094, August.
    7. E D Güneş & H Yaman, 2010. "Health network mergers and hospital re-planning," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 61(2), pages 275-283, February.
    8. Lan, Yanfei & Yan, Haikuan & Ren, Da & Guo, Rui, 2019. "Merger strategies in a supply chain with asymmetric capital-constrained retailers upon market power dependent trade credit," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 299-318.
    9. Jeff Madura & Thanh Ngo, 2008. "Clustered Synergies In The Takeover Market," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 31(4), pages 333-356, December.
    10. MLINAR, Tanja B. & CHEVALIER, Philippe, 2013. "Pooling in manufacturing: do opposites attract?," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2013040, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    11. Pedercini, Matteo & Arquitt, Steven & Collste, David & Herren, Hans, 2018. "Harvesting synergy from Sustainable Development Goal interactions," SocArXiv jt6r7, Center for Open Science.
    12. Çömez-Dolgan, Nagihan & Tanyeri, Başak, 2015. "Inventory performance with pooling: Evidence from mergers and acquisitions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 331-339.
    13. Madura, Jeff & Ngo, Thanh & Viale, Ariel M., 2012. "Why do merger premiums vary across industries and over time?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 49-62.
    14. Zhu, Jing & Boyaci, Tamer & Ray, Saibal, 2016. "Effects of upstream and downstream mergers on supply chain profitability," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 249(1), pages 131-143.
    15. Shoulin Pang & Shiting Dou & Huan Li, 2020. "Synergy effect of science and technology policies on innovation: Evidence from China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, October.
    16. Yuan, Zhennan & Chen, Frank Y. & Yan, Xiaoming & Yu, Yugang, 2020. "Operational implications of yield uncertainty in mergers and acquisitions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 248-258.
    17. Subrata Chakrabarty, 2015. "The Influence of Unrelated and Related Diversification on Fraudulent Reporting," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 131(4), pages 815-832, November.
    18. Cruijssen, F., 2006. "Horizontal cooperation in transport and logistics," Other publications TiSEM ab6dbe68-aebc-4b03-8eea-d, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    19. Baldi, Francesco & Salvi, Antonio, 2022. "Disentangling acquisition premia: Evidence from the global market for corporate control," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    20. Soo-Haeng Cho, 2014. "Horizontal Mergers in Multitier Decentralized Supply Chains," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 60(2), pages 356-379, February.
    21. Soo-Haeng Cho & Xin Wang, 2017. "Newsvendor Mergers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(2), pages 298-316, February.
    22. Alptekinoglu, Aydin & Tang, Christopher S., 2005. "A model for analyzing multi-channel distribution systems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 163(3), pages 802-824, June.
    23. Cruijssen, Frans & Borm, Peter & Fleuren, Hein & Hamers, Herbert, 2010. "Supplier-initiated outsourcing: A methodology to exploit synergy in transportation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 207(2), pages 763-774, December.
    24. Kristine Watson Hankins, 2011. "How Do Financial Firms Manage Risk? Unraveling the Interaction of Financial and Operational Hedging," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 57(12), pages 2197-2212, December.
    25. Yixuan Xiao, 2020. "Horizontal Mergers under Yield Uncertainty," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(1), pages 24-34, January.

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