IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i13p10578-d1187378.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Revitalizing Organizational Efficiency: Unpacking the Relationship between CEO Turnover, Research and Development, and Pay-Performance Sensitivities in the Financial Sector of Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaoyu Yin

    (School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Xiujian Wei

    (School of Economics and Finance, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China)

  • Muhammad Irfan

    (Institute of Banking and Finance, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Sonia Yasin

    (Institute of Banking and Finance, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between senior management turnover, wage structures, and organizational efficiency in the banking industry in Pakistan. Using secondary panel data from annual reports of commercial banks and multiple regression techniques, the study finds that pay-performance sensitivity, R&D investment, and firm age positively impact organizational efficiency. At the same time, higher expense ratios are negatively associated with efficiency. CEO turnover, duality, and board size have a relatively low impact on efficiency. This study provides valuable insights for managers and policymakers in the banking sector, highlighting key areas that should be prioritized to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and increase financial performance. By offering a roadmap for decision-makers to focus their efforts, this study provides a valuable framework for achieving tremendous success in the banking industry.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaoyu Yin & Xiujian Wei & Muhammad Irfan & Sonia Yasin, 2023. "Revitalizing Organizational Efficiency: Unpacking the Relationship between CEO Turnover, Research and Development, and Pay-Performance Sensitivities in the Financial Sector of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10578-:d:1187378
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/13/10578/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/13/10578/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Belhadj, Besma, 2023. "New fuzzy multiple regressions for the instantaneous and panel data “The determinants of Poverty in the Countries MENA”," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 615(C).
    2. Alistair Bruce & Trevor Buck & Brian G. M. Main, 2005. "Top Executive Remuneration: A View from Europe," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(7), pages 1493-1506, November.
    3. Park, Sohee, 2023. "Customer prospects and pay-performance sensitivity: Evidence from Korea," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    4. Kato, Takao & Long, Cheryl, 2006. "Executive Compensation, Firm Performance, and Corporate Governance in China: Evidence from Firms Listed in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 54(4), pages 945-983, July.
    5. Demsetz, Harold & Lehn, Kenneth, 1985. "The Structure of Corporate Ownership: Causes and Consequences," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 93(6), pages 1155-1177, December.
    6. Hall, Bronwyn H. & Lerner, Josh, 2010. "The Financing of R&D and Innovation," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 609-639, Elsevier.
    7. Catherine M. Daily & Dan R. Dalton, 1995. "CEO and director turnover in failing firms: An illusion of change?," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 16(5), pages 393-400.
    8. George, Gerard & Prabhu, Ganesh N., 2003. "Developmental financial institutions as technology policy instruments: implications for innovation and entrepreneurship in emerging economies," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 89-108, January.
    9. Rjiba, Hatem & Jahmane, Abderrahman & Abid, Ilyes, 2020. "Corporate social responsibility and firm value: Guiding through economic policy uncertainty," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    10. Sitara Karim & Muhammad Umair Akhtar & Rubeena Tashfeen & Mustafa Raza Rabbani & Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman & Amani AlAbbas, 2022. "Sustainable banking regulations pre and during coronavirus outbreak: the moderating role of financial stability," Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 3360-3377, December.
    11. Mobbs, Shawn, 2013. "CEOs Under Fire: The Effects of Competition from Inside Directors on Forced CEO Turnover and CEO Compensation," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(3), pages 669-698, June.
    12. Ajaz Akbar Mir & Aijaz Ahmad Bhat, 2022. "Green banking and sustainability – a review," Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 40(3), pages 247-263, September.
    13. Yohan Bernard & Laurence Godard & Mohamed Zouaoui, 2018. "The Effect of CEOs’ Turnover on the Corporate Sustainability Performance of French Firms," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 150(4), pages 1049-1069, July.
    14. Zhang, Ling & Berk Saydaliev, Hayot & Ma, Xiaoyu, 2022. "Does green finance investment and technological innovation improve renewable energy efficiency and sustainable development goals," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 991-1000.
    15. Habib-ur Rahman & Muhammad Waqas Yousaf & Nageena Tabassum, 2020. "Bank-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Profitability: A Revisit of Pakistani Banking Sector under Dynamic Panel Data Approach," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-19, July.
    16. repec:lan:wpaper:1030 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Kirsten Bregn, 2013. "Detrimental Effects of Performance-Related Pay in the Public Sector? On the Need for a Broader Theoretical Perspective," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 21-35, March.
    18. Wei, Xiaobo & Mohsin, Muhammad & Zhang, Qiongxin, 2022. "Role of foreign direct investment and economic growth in renewable energy development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 828-837.
    19. Firth, Michael & Fung, Peter M.Y. & Rui, Oliver M., 2006. "Corporate performance and CEO compensation in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 12(4), pages 693-714, September.
    20. repec:eme:agjsr0:agjsr-04-2022-0017 is not listed on IDEAS
    21. Ling Zhao & Huang Hao, 2021. "Informal institution and corporate innovation: From the perspective of social trust," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 8(03), pages 1-40, September.
    22. repec:lan:wpaper:601084 is not listed on IDEAS
    23. Jensen, Michael C & Murphy, Kevin J, 1990. "Performance Pay and Top-Management Incentives," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(2), pages 225-264, April.
    24. Titman, Sheridan & Wessels, Roberto, 1988. " The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 43(1), pages 1-19, March.
    25. Fama, Eugene F & Jensen, Michael C, 1983. "Separation of Ownership and Control," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 26(2), pages 301-325, June.
    26. Sunil Dutta, 2008. "Managerial Expertise, Private Information, and Pay-Performance Sensitivity," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 54(3), pages 429-442, March.
    27. Liu, Xiaohui & Buck, Trevor, 2007. "Innovation performance and channels for international technology spillovers: Evidence from Chinese high-tech industries," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 355-366, April.
    28. Ayman A. Alsmadi & Ahmed Shuhaiber & Loai N. Alhawamdeh & Rasha Alghazzawi & Manaf Al-Okaily, 2022. "Twenty Years of Mobile Banking Services Development and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis Overview (2000–2020)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-14, August.
    29. Fan, Dennis K.K. & Lau, Chung-Ming & Young, Michael, 2007. "Is China's corporate governance beginning to come of age? The case of CEO turnover," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 105-120, April.
    30. Di Cintio, Marco & Ghosh, Sucharita & Grassi, Emanuele, 2017. "Firm growth, R&D expenditures and exports: An empirical analysis of italian SMEs," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 836-852.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Igor Filatotchev & Gregory Jackson & Chizu Nakajima, 2013. "Corporate governance and national institutions: A review and emerging research agenda," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 30(4), pages 965-986, December.
    2. Omar Farooque & Wonlop Buachoom & Nam Hoang, 2019. "Interactive effects of executive compensation, firm performance and corporate governance: Evidence from an Asian market," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 36(4), pages 1111-1164, December.
    3. He, Yan & Chiu, Yung-ho & Zhang, Bin, 2015. "The impact of corporate governance on state-owned and non-state-owned firms efficiency in China," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 252-277.
    4. Martin J. Conyon & Lerong He, 2016. "Executive Compensation and Corporate Fraud in China," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 134(4), pages 669-691, April.
    5. Afzalur Rashid, 2015. "Revisiting Agency Theory: Evidence of Board Independence and Agency Cost from Bangladesh," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 130(1), pages 181-198, August.
    6. Sunny Sun & Xia Zhao & Haibin Yang, 2010. "Executive compensation in Asia: A critical review and outlook," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 27(4), pages 775-802, December.
    7. Manika Kohli, 2018. "Impact of Ownership Type and Board Characteristics on the Pay–Performance Relationship: Evidence from India," Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, , vol. 11(1), pages 1-34, June.
    8. Shleifer, Andrei & Vishny, Robert W, 1997. "A Survey of Corporate Governance," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(2), pages 737-783, June.
    9. Sun, Sophia Li & Habib, Ahsan, 2020. "Determinants and consequences of tournament incentives: A survey of the literature in accounting and finance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    10. Benson, Bradley W. & Davidson III, Wallace N., 2009. "Reexamining the managerial ownership effect on firm value," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 573-586, December.
    11. Luo, Yongli, 2015. "CEO power, ownership structure and pay performance in Chinese banking," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 3-16.
    12. Axel Börsch‐Supan & Jens Köke, 2002. "An Applied Econometricians' View of Empirical Corporate Governance Studies," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 3(3), pages 295-326, August.
    13. Conyon, Martin J. & He, Lerong, 2011. "Executive compensation and corporate governance in China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(4), pages 1158-1175, September.
    14. Bradley W. Benson & Wallace N. Davidson III & Hongxia Wang & Dan L. Worrell, 2011. "Deviations from Expected Stakeholder Management, Firm Value, and Corporate Governance," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 40(1), pages 39-81, March.
    15. Manika Kohli, 2017. "How Responsive Executive Compensation is to Corporate Performance? An Indian Perspective," Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, Educational Research Multimedia & Publications,India, vol. 8(2), pages 07-18, May.
    16. Alhashel, Bader S. & Albader, Sulaiman H., 2020. "How do sovereign wealth funds pay their portfolio companies’ executives? Evidence from Kuwait," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 303-322.
    17. Ferrell, Allen & Liang, Hao & Renneboog, Luc, 2016. "Socially responsible firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(3), pages 585-606.
    18. Stavros E. Arvanitis & Theodoros V. Stamatopoulos & Dimitris Terzakis, 2018. "Is There a Non-linear Relationship of Market Value with Cash and Ownership?," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 68(1), pages 3-25, January-M.
    19. Unite, Angelo A. & Sullivan, Michael J. & Brookman, Jeffrey & Majadillas, Mary Anne & Taningco, Angelo, 2008. "Executive pay and firm performance in the Philippines," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 606-623, November.
    20. Wang, Qiong & Qiu, Muqing, 2023. "Strength in numbers: Minority shareholders' participation and executives' pay-performance sensitivity," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:10578-:d:1187378. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.