IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i17p10997-d905568.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Bank Diversification and Financial Constraints on Firm Investment Decisions in a Bank-Based Financial System

Author

Listed:
  • Hueh-Chen Lin

    (School of Business, Putian University, Putian 351100, China)

  • Jiang-Chuan Huang

    (School of Business, Putian University, Putian 351100, China)

  • Chun-Fan You

    (Department of Finance, Chihlee University of Technology, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan)

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether bank diversification influences borrowing firms’ financial constraints on investment decisions. It also analyzes whether the different dimensions of bank diversification could alleviate financial constraints to firm investment. Further, the role of bank diversification in achieving firm financial sustainability is explored. By applying the Two-step System GMM, this study examines the effect of changes in bank diversification on financial constraints to borrowing firm investment in a reduced-form investment model with a sample of 810 listed firms in Taiwan over the period 1997–2019. The empirical findings indicate that firms are financially constrained as well as there being a positive relationship between cash flow and investment among Taiwanese listed firms. Additionally, bank diversification significantly reduces the investment-cash flow sensitivity of firms, suggesting that bank diversification mitigates the financial constraints to borrowing firms. Moreover, the multi-diversification of a bank compared to single-diversification will have greater impact on mitigating the firms’ financial constraints on investment. Thus, bank diversification strategies are proposed in a bank-based financial system, leading to the easing of the borrowing firms’ financial constraints to investments.

Suggested Citation

  • Hueh-Chen Lin & Jiang-Chuan Huang & Chun-Fan You, 2022. "Bank Diversification and Financial Constraints on Firm Investment Decisions in a Bank-Based Financial System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:17:p:10997-:d:905568
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/17/10997/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/17/10997/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Christopher A. Hennessy & Toni M. Whited, 2007. "How Costly Is External Financing? Evidence from a Structural Estimation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(4), pages 1705-1745, August.
    2. Bhattacharya Sudipto & Thakor Anjan V., 1993. "Contemporary Banking Theory," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 2-50, October.
    3. Li Zhao & Zhengqiao Liu & Thi Huong Giang Vuong & Huu Manh Nguyen & Florin Radu & Alina Iuliana Tăbîrcă & Yang-Che Wu, 2022. "Determinants of Financial Sustainability in Chinese Firms: A Quantile Regression Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-18, January.
    4. Abubakr Saeed & Olusegun Vincent, 2012. "Bank Concentration and Firm Investment: Empirical Evidence from India," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 85-105, May.
    5. Heitor Almeida & Murillo Campello, 2007. "Financial Constraints, Asset Tangibility, and Corporate Investment," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(5), pages 1429-1460, 2007 12.
    6. Berger, Allen N. & Hasan, Iftekhar & Zhou, Mingming, 2010. "The effects of focus versus diversification on bank performance: Evidence from Chinese banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(7), pages 1417-1435, July.
    7. Goetz, Martin R. & Laeven, Luc & Levine, Ross, 2016. "Does the geographic expansion of banks reduce risk?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(2), pages 346-362.
    8. Meslier, Céline & Tacneng, Ruth & Tarazi, Amine, 2014. "Is bank income diversification beneficial? Evidence from an emerging economy," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 97-126.
    9. Laeven, Luc & Levine, Ross, 2007. "Is there a diversification discount in financial conglomerates?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(2), pages 331-367, August.
    10. Nguyen, My & Skully, Michael & Perera, Shrimal, 2012. "Bank market power and revenue diversification: Evidence from selected ASEAN countries," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(6), pages 688-700.
    11. Rossi, Stefania P.S. & Schwaiger, Markus S. & Winkler, Gerhard, 2009. "How loan portfolio diversification affects risk, efficiency and capitalization: A managerial behavior model for Austrian banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(12), pages 2218-2226, December.
    12. Uchino, Taisuke, 2013. "Bank dependence and financial constraints on investment: Evidence from the corporate bond market paralysis in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 74-97.
    13. Nathalie Moyen, 2004. "Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities: Constrained versus Unconstrained Firms," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 59(5), pages 2061-2092, October.
    14. Abuzayed, Bana & Al-Fayoumi, Nedal & Molyneux, Phil, 2018. "Diversification and bank stability in the GCC," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 17-43.
    15. Park, Jin, 2019. "Financial constraints and the cash flow sensitivities of external financing: Evidence from Korea," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 241-250.
    16. Viral V. Acharya & Iftekhar Hasan & Anthony Saunders, 2006. "Should Banks Be Diversified? Evidence from Individual Bank Loan Portfolios," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 79(3), pages 1355-1412, May.
    17. Poncet, Sandra & Steingress, Walter & Vandenbussche, Hylke, 2010. "Financial constraints in China: Firm-level evidence," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 411-422, September.
    18. Inessa Love, 2003. "Financial Development and Financing Constraints: International Evidence from the Structural Investment Model," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 16(3), pages 765-791, July.
    19. Saiying (Esther) Deng & Elyas Elyasiani, 2008. "Geographic Diversification, Bank Holding Company Value, and Risk," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(6), pages 1217-1238, September.
    20. Douglas W. Diamond, 1984. "Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 51(3), pages 393-414.
    21. Campello, Murillo & Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R., 2010. "The real effects of financial constraints: Evidence from a financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 470-487, September.
    22. Levine, Ross, 2002. "Bank-Based or Market-Based Financial Systems: Which Is Better?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 398-428, October.
    23. Rajan, Raghuram G, 1992. "Insiders and Outsiders: The Choice between Informed and Arm's-Length Debt," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(4), pages 1367-1400, September.
    24. Schauer, Catharina & Elsas, Ralf & Breitkopf, Nikolas, 2019. "A new measure of financial constraints applicable to private and public firms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 270-295.
    25. Behr, Patrick & Norden, Lars & Noth, Felix, 2013. "Financial constraints of private firms and bank lending behavior," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 3472-3485.
    26. repec:zbw:bofitp:2010_004 is not listed on IDEAS
    27. Zhikang Xie & Xinglin Liu & Hina Najam & Qinghua Fu & Jawad Abbas & Ubaldo Comite & Laura Mariana Cismas & Andra Miculescu, 2022. "Achieving Financial Sustainability through Revenue Diversification: A Green Pathway for Financial Institutions in Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-16, March.
    28. Kevin Stiroh, 2004. "Do Community Banks Benefit from Diversification?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 135-160, April.
    29. Ratti, Ronald A. & Lee, Sunglyong & Seol, Youn, 2008. "Bank concentration and financial constraints on firm-level investment in Europe," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2684-2694, December.
    30. Aydoḡan Alti, 2003. "How Sensitive Is Investment to Cash Flow When Financing Is Frictionless?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(2), pages 707-722, April.
    31. Julian Franks & Oren Sussman, 2005. "Financial Distress and Bank Restructuring of Small to Medium Size UK Companies," Review of Finance, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 65-96, March.
    32. Ho, Chia-Ling & Lai, Gene C. & Lee, Jin-Ping, 2014. "Financial reform and the adequacy of deposit insurance fund: Lessons from Taiwanese experience," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 57-77.
    33. Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia, 1995. "Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 29-51, July.
    34. Petersen, Mitchell A & Rajan, Raghuram G, 1994. "The Benefits of Lending Relationships: Evidence from Small Business Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 49(1), pages 3-37, March.
    35. Wu, Ji & Chen, Limei & Chen, Minghua & Jeon, Bang Nam, 2020. "Diversification, efficiency and risk of banks: Evidence from emerging economies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    36. Fauver, Larry & Houston, Joel F. & Naranjo, Andy, 2004. "Cross-country evidence on the value of corporate industrial and international diversification," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(5), pages 729-752, November.
    37. Bharath, Sreedhar & Dahiya, Sandeep & Saunders, Anthony & Srinivasan, Anand, 2007. "So what do I get? The bank's view of lending relationships," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(2), pages 368-419, August.
    38. Blundell, Richard & Bond, Stephen, 1998. "Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 115-143, August.
    39. Saiying (Esther) Deng & Elyas Elyasiani, 2008. "Geographic Diversification, Bank Holding Company Value, and Risk," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(6), pages 1217-1238, September.
    40. Hou, Xiaohui & Li, Shuo & Li, Wanli & Wang, Qing, 2018. "Bank diversification and liquidity creation: Panel Granger-causality evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 87-98.
    41. Baele, Lieven & De Jonghe, Olivier & Vander Vennet, Rudi, 2007. "Does the stock market value bank diversification?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 1999-2023, July.
    42. Francis, Bill B. & Hasan, Iftekhar & Küllü, A. Melih & Zhou, Mingming, 2018. "Should banks diversify or focus? Know thyself: The role of abilities," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 106-118.
    43. Nguyen, My & Skully, Michael & Perera, Shrimal, 2012. "Market power, revenue diversification and bank stability: Evidence from selected South Asian countries," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 897-912.
    44. Shim, Jeungbo, 2019. "Loan portfolio diversification, market structure and bank stability," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 103-115.
    45. Shim, Jeungbo, 2013. "Bank capital buffer and portfolio risk: The influence of business cycle and revenue diversification," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 761-772.
    46. Steven N. Kaplan & Luigi Zingales, 1997. "Do Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Financing Constraints?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(1), pages 169-215.
    47. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Hsieh, Meng-Fen & Yang, Shih-Jui, 2014. "The relationship between revenue diversification and bank performance: Do financial structures and financial reforms matter?," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 18-35.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Haykel Zouaoui & Faten Zoghlami, 2023. "What do we know about the impact of income diversification on bank performance? A systematic literature review," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(3), pages 286-309, September.
    2. Jeon, Bang Nam & Wu, Ji & Chen, Limei & Chen, Minghua, 2020. "Diversification, efficiency and risk of banks: New consolidating evidence from emerging economies," School of Economics Working Paper Series 2020-10, LeBow College of Business, Drexel University.
    3. Williams, Barry & Rajaguru, Gulasekaran, 2022. "The evolution of bank revenue and risk in the Asia-Pacific Region," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    4. Abuzayed, Bana & Al-Fayoumi, Nedal & Molyneux, Phil, 2018. "Diversification and bank stability in the GCC," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 17-43.
    5. Moudud-Ul-Huq, Syed & Ashraf, Badar Nadeem & Gupta, Anupam Das & Zheng, Changjun, 2018. "Does bank diversification heterogeneously affect performance and risk-taking in ASEAN emerging economies?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 342-362.
    6. Zouaoui, Haykel & Zoghlami, Feten, 2020. "On the income diversification and bank market power nexus in the MENA countries: Evidence from a GMM panel-VAR approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Marinelli, Giuseppe & Nobili, Andrea & Palazzo, Francesco, 2022. "The multiple dimensions of bank complexity: Effects on credit risk-taking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    8. Tran, Dung Viet, 2020. "Bank business models and liquidity creation," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    9. Francis, Bill B. & Hasan, Iftekhar & Küllü, A. Melih & Zhou, Mingming, 2018. "Should banks diversify or focus? Know thyself: The role of abilities," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 106-118.
    10. Jouida, Sameh & Bouzgarrou, Houssam & Hellara, Slaheddine, 2017. "The effects of activity and geographic diversification on performance: Evidence from French financial institutions," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PB), pages 920-939.
    11. Paola Brighi & Valeria Venturelli, 2013. "The Effect Of Revenue And Geographic Diversification On Bank Performance," Centro Studi di Banca e Finanza (CEFIN) (Center for Studies in Banking and Finance) 0043, Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Economia "Marco Biagi".
    12. Mamun, Abdullah, 2023. "Understanding growth and its policy implications for Canadian credit unions," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 652-665.
    13. Castro, Fernanda & Kalatzis, Aquiles E.G. & Martins-Filho, Carlos, 2015. "Financing in an emerging economy: Does financial development or financial structure matter?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 96-123.
    14. Nadia Saghi-Zedek, 2016. "Product diversification and bank performance: does ownership structure matter?," Post-Print halshs-01342528, HAL.
    15. Gaurav Gupta & Jitendra Mahakud, 2019. "Alternative measure of financial development and investment-cash flow sensitivity: evidence from an emerging economy," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 5(1), pages 1-28, December.
    16. Khanh Ngoc Nguyen, 2019. "Revenue Diversification, Risk and Bank Performance of Vietnamese Commercial Banks," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, August.
    17. Nguyen, Thi Lam Anh, 2018. "Diversification and bank efficiency in six ASEAN countries," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 57-78.
    18. Saghi-Zedek, Nadia, 2016. "Product diversification and bank performance: Does ownership structure matter?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 154-167.
    19. Thuy Thu Nguyen & Hai Hong Ho & Duy Van Nguyen & Anh Cam Pham & Trang Thu Nguyen, 2021. "The Effects of Business Model on Bank’s Stability," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-12, August.
    20. Gulati, Rachita & Singh, Nirmal & Kumar, Sunil & Duppati, Geeta, 2023. "Bank stability in the Indian subcontinent region: Evolution and determinants," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:17:p:10997-:d:905568. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.