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Field Study and Chemical Analysis of Plant Waste in the Fez-Meknes Region, Morocco

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Bendaoud

    (Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Amal Lahkimi

    (Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Mohammed Kara

    (Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Naturals Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Tarik Moubchir

    (Polyvalent Laboratory in Research and Development, Department of Biology, Poly Disciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco)

  • Amine Assouguem

    (Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Street, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Abdelkhalek Belkhiri

    (Laboratory of Bioactives-Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Meknes, Meknes 50000, Morocco)

  • Aimad Allali

    (Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail (ITU), Kenitra 14000, Morocco)

  • Anouar Hmamou

    (Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Rafa Almeer

    (Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Amany A. Sayed

    (Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt)

  • Ilaria Peluso

    (Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy)

  • Noureddine Eloutassi

    (Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

Abstract

Throughout the entire world, the biomass plant remains an important source of renewable energy. However, in Morocco, the energy recovery of this biomass is little or badly exploited compared to other solar, hydraulic, and wind resources. The aim of this study is to know the extent to which Moroccan companies are involved in the valorization of green waste and to identify among the latter those that have great energy and industrial value. The field investigation was carried out with the use of a questionnaire to different sectors of activity. The chemical analyses of the waste samples were carried out by different methods: Van Soest to investigate the fiber content, dinitrosalicylic acid and phenol-sulfuric acid to determine sugars, while the Folin–Ciocalteu method was employed for the determination of phenolic compounds. These are the ASTM standard methods to determine elemental, proximate composition, and calorific value (CV). The results of this survey showed that solid vegetable waste is diverse and represents 68.4% of the total green waste, of which 98% is not treated. Moreover, the chemical analysis displayed that forestry waste (FW), extracted parts wastes (EPW), and unused parts wastes (UPW) of medicinal and aromatic plants have high contents of cellulose (respectively 34.75, 48.44, and 54.19%) and hemicelluloses (28.44, 27.19 and 28.50%) and containing low amounts of lignin and phenolic compounds compared to olive waste (OW), olive pomace (OP), and household waste (HW). Almost all biomass wastes, except HW, have a low moisture (<12%), ash content less than 5.1%, a significant percentage of C and H, and CV between 14.5 and 21.6 MJ/Kg. The PCA analysis showed a discrepancy in terms of components between the set formed by FW, UPW, and EPW with other solid waste. In conclusion, FW, UPW, and EPW, specially can be potentially energetic biomass and valorized together in the form of a mixture.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Bendaoud & Amal Lahkimi & Mohammed Kara & Tarik Moubchir & Amine Assouguem & Abdelkhalek Belkhiri & Aimad Allali & Anouar Hmamou & Rafa Almeer & Amany A. Sayed & Ilaria Peluso & Noureddine Elout, 2022. "Field Study and Chemical Analysis of Plant Waste in the Fez-Meknes Region, Morocco," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:6029-:d:816548
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kousksou, T. & Allouhi, A. & Belattar, M. & Jamil, A. & El Rhafiki, T. & Arid, A. & Zeraouli, Y., 2015. "Renewable energy potential and national policy directions for sustainable development in Morocco," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 46-57.
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