IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v206y2017icp382-392.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Design optimization of a multi-temperature solar thermal heating system for an industrial process

Author

Listed:
  • Allouhi, A.
  • Agrouaz, Y.
  • Benzakour Amine, Mohammed
  • Rehman, S.
  • Buker, M.S.
  • Kousksou, T.
  • Jamil, A.
  • Benbassou, A.

Abstract

Presently, great challenges are being faced by the industrial sector in terms of energy management and environmental protection. Utilization of solar energy to meet a portion of heat demand in various industries constitutes tremendous economic opportunities for developing countries such as Morocco. Therefore, this paper introduces an optimization procedure and simulation of a centralized solar heating system providing hot water to four processes with different temperature levels and load profiles. Asa case study, a Casablanca based Moroccan milk processing company is evaluated and the life cycle cost method is practiced to select the optimal size of the main design parameters for decision-making. It was found that 400m2 of evacuated tube collectors tilted at an angle of 30° and connected to a 2000l storage tank can lead to a maximum life cycle saving cost of 179kUSD for a total annual heat demand of 528.23MWh. In this optimal configuration, the overall annual solar fraction is found to be 41% and the payback period of 12.27years attained. The system has the potential to reduce around 77.23tons of CO2 equivalents of greenhouse gas emissions annually. The economic competitiveness of the solar thermal heating plant can be considerably improved with higher inflation rates and lower initial investments.

Suggested Citation

  • Allouhi, A. & Agrouaz, Y. & Benzakour Amine, Mohammed & Rehman, S. & Buker, M.S. & Kousksou, T. & Jamil, A. & Benbassou, A., 2017. "Design optimization of a multi-temperature solar thermal heating system for an industrial process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 382-392.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:206:y:2017:i:c:p:382-392
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.196
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261917312217
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.196?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Walmsley, Timothy G. & Walmsley, Michael R.W. & Atkins, Martin J. & Neale, James R., 2014. "Integration of industrial solar and gaseous waste heat into heat recovery loops using constant and variable temperature storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 53-67.
    2. Kalogirou, Soteris, 2003. "The potential of solar industrial process heat applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(4), pages 337-361, December.
    3. Zhang, Baogang & Fan, Xinying & Liu, Ming & Hao, Wengang, 2016. "Experimental study of the burning-cave hot water soil heating system in solar greenhouse," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P3), pages 1113-1120.
    4. Atkins, Martin J. & Walmsley, Michael R.W. & Morrison, Andrew S., 2010. "Integration of solar thermal for improved energy efficiency in low-temperature-pinch industrial processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1867-1873.
    5. Brückner, Sarah & Liu, Selina & Miró, Laia & Radspieler, Michael & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Lävemann, Eberhard, 2015. "Industrial waste heat recovery technologies: An economic analysis of heat transformation technologies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 157-167.
    6. Zou, Bin & Dong, Jiankai & Yao, Yang & Jiang, Yiqiang, 2016. "An experimental investigation on a small-sized parabolic trough solar collector for water heating in cold areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 396-407.
    7. Mekhilef, S. & Saidur, R. & Safari, A., 2011. "A review on solar energy use in industries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 1777-1790, May.
    8. Allouhi, A. & Kousksou, T. & Jamil, A. & Bruel, P. & Mourad, Y. & Zeraouli, Y., 2015. "Solar driven cooling systems: An updated review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 159-181.
    9. Liew, Peng Yen & Walmsley, Timothy Gordon & Wan Alwi, Sharifah Rafidah & Abdul Manan, Zainuddin & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Varbanov, Petar Sabev, 2016. "Integrating district cooling systems in Locally Integrated Energy Sectors through Total Site Heat Integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1350-1363.
    10. Rezvani, S. & Bahri, P.A. & Urmee, T. & Baverstock, G.F. & Moore, A.D., 2017. "Techno-economic and reliability assessment of solar water heaters in Australia based on Monte Carlo analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 774-785.
    11. Ji, Jie & Wang, Yanqiu & Yuan, Weiqi & Sun, Wei & He, Wei & Guo, Chao, 2014. "Experimental comparison of two PV direct-coupled solar water heating systems with the traditional system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 110-118.
    12. Naspolini, Helena F. & Rüther, Ricardo, 2017. "Impacts of Domestic Solar Water Heating (DSWH) systems on the cost of a hot shower in low-income dwellings in Brazil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 124-130.
    13. Comodi, Gabriele & Bevilacqua, Maurizio & Caresana, Flavio & Paciarotti, Claudia & Pelagalli, Leonardo & Venella, Paola, 2016. "Life cycle assessment and energy-CO2-economic payback analyses of renewable domestic hot water systems with unglazed and glazed solar thermal panels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 944-955.
    14. Lauterbach, C. & Schmitt, B. & Jordan, U. & Vajen, K., 2012. "The potential of solar heat for industrial processes in Germany," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(7), pages 5121-5130.
    15. Allouhi, A. & Kousksou, T. & Jamil, A. & Agrouaz, Y. & Bouhal, T. & Saidur, R. & Benbassou, A., 2016. "Performance evaluation of solar adsorption cooling systems for vaccine preservation in Sub-Saharan Africa," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 232-241.
    16. Oluleye, Gbemi & Smith, Robin, 2016. "A mixed integer linear programming model for integrating thermodynamic cycles for waste heat exploitation in process sites," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 434-453.
    17. Tulus, Victor & Boer, Dieter & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Jiménez, Laureano & Guillén-Gosálbez, Gonzalo, 2016. "Enhanced thermal energy supply via central solar heating plants with seasonal storage: A multi-objective optimization approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 549-561.
    18. Halawa, E. & Chang, K.C. & Yoshinaga, M., 2015. "Thermal performance evaluation of solar water heating systems in Australia, Taiwan and Japan – A comparative review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1279-1286.
    19. Joubert, E.C. & Hess, S. & Van Niekerk, J.L., 2016. "Large-scale solar water heating in South Africa: Status, barriers and recommendations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 809-822.
    20. Wang, Zhangyuan & Qiu, Feng & Yang, Wansheng & Zhao, Xudong, 2015. "Applications of solar water heating system with phase change material," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 645-652.
    21. Ratismith, Wattana & Favre, Yann & Canaff, Maxime & Briggs, John, 2017. "A non-tracking concentrating collector for solar thermal applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 39-46.
    22. Beath, Andrew C., 2012. "Industrial energy usage in Australia and the potential for implementation of solar thermal heat and power," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 261-272.
    23. Walmsley, Timothy G. & Walmsley, Michael R.W. & Tarighaleslami, Amir H. & Atkins, Martin J. & Neale, James R., 2015. "Integration options for solar thermal with low temperature industrial heat recovery loops," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 113-121.
    24. Yang, Minbo & Feng, Xiao & Liu, Guilian, 2016. "Heat integration of heat pump assisted distillation into the overall process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1-10.
    25. Kousksou, T. & Allouhi, A. & Belattar, M. & Jamil, A. & El Rhafiki, T. & Arid, A. & Zeraouli, Y., 2015. "Renewable energy potential and national policy directions for sustainable development in Morocco," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 46-57.
    26. Kousksou, T. & Allouhi, A. & Belattar, M. & Jamil, A. & El Rhafiki, T. & Zeraouli, Y., 2015. "Morocco's strategy for energy security and low-carbon growth," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 98-105.
    27. Yan, Chengchu & Wang, Shengwei & Ma, Zhenjun & Shi, Wenxing, 2015. "A simplified method for optimal design of solar water heating systems based on life-cycle energy analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 271-278.
    28. Yadav, Deepak & Banerjee, Rangan, 2016. "A review of solar thermochemical processes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 497-532.
    29. Allouhi, Amine & Kousksou, Tarik & Jamil, Abdelmajid & El Rhafiki, Tarik & Mourad, Youssef & Zeraouli, Youssef, 2015. "Economic and environmental assessment of solar air-conditioning systems in Morocco," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 770-781.
    30. Sharma, Ashish K. & Sharma, Chandan & Mullick, Subhash C. & Kandpal, Tara C., 2017. "Solar industrial process heating: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 124-137.
    31. Quijera, José Antonio & Alriols, María González & Labidi, Jalel, 2011. "Integration of a solar thermal system in a dairy process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(6), pages 1843-1853.
    32. Demir, Hasan & Mobedi, Moghtada & Ülkü, Semra, 2008. "A review on adsorption heat pump: Problems and solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(9), pages 2381-2403, December.
    33. You, Xinqiang & Rodriguez-Donis, Ivonne & Gerbaud, Vincent, 2016. "Reducing process cost and CO2 emissions for extractive distillation by double-effect heat integration and mechanical heat pump," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 128-140.
    34. von Storch, Henrik & Roeb, Martin & Stadler, Hannes & Sattler, Christian & Bardow, André & Hoffschmidt, Bernhard, 2016. "On the assessment of renewable industrial processes: Case study for solar co-production of methanol and power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 121-132.
    35. Rahman, Md. Saifur & Noman, Abu Hanifa Md. & Shahari, Farihana & Aslam, Mohamed & Gee, Chan Sok & Isa, Che Ruhana & Pervin, Sajeda, 2016. "Efficient energy consumption in industrial sectors and its effect on environment: A comparative analysis between G8 and Southeast Asian emerging economies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 82-89.
    36. Nemet, Andreja & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Varbanov, Petar Sabev & Kravanja, Zdravko, 2012. "Methodology for maximising the use of renewables with variable availability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 29-37.
    37. Song, Chunfeng & Liu, Qingling & Ji, Na & Deng, Shuai & Zhao, Jun & Kitamura, Yutaka, 2017. "Natural gas purification by heat pump assisted MEA absorption process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 353-361.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tulus, Victor & Abokersh, Mohamed Hany & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Vallès, Manel & Jiménez, Laureano & Boer, Dieter, 2019. "Economic and environmental potential for solar assisted central heating plants in the EU residential sector: Contribution to the 2030 climate and energy EU agenda," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 318-339.
    2. Masera, Kemal & Tannous, Hadi & Stojceska, Valentina & Tassou, Savvas, 2023. "An investigation of the recent advances of the integration of solar thermal energy systems to the dairy processes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    3. Amina Tahri & Mohsine Bouya & Mokhtar Ghazouani & Ouafae Achak & Tarik Chafik & Khalid El Azdi & Sanae Boughanbour, 2022. "Impact of Solar Energy Integration on the Rheological and Chemical Properties of Bitumen," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-28, December.
    4. Gil, Juan D. & Topa, A. & Álvarez, J.D. & Torres, J.L. & Pérez, M., 2022. "A review from design to control of solar systems for supplying heat in industrial process applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    5. Lozano-Medina, Alexis & Manzano, Luis & Marcos, José D. & Blanco-Marigorta, Ana M., 2019. "Design of a concentrating solar thermal collector installation for a hotel complex in Gran Canaria," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 803-811.
    6. Francisco Álvarez-Sánchez & Jassón Flores-Prieto & Octavio García-Valladares, 2021. "Annual Thermal Performance of an Industrial Hybrid Direct–Indirect Solar Air Heating System for Drying Applications in Morelos-México," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-20, August.
    7. Ghazouani, Mokhtar & Bouya, Mohsine & Benaissa, Mohammed, 2020. "Thermo-economic and exergy analysis and optimization of small PTC collectors for solar heat integration in industrial processes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 984-998.
    8. Rastinejad, Justin & Putnam, Sloane & Stuber, Matthew D., 2023. "Technoeconomic assessment of solar technologies for the hybridization of industrial process heat systems using deterministic global dynamic optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    9. Juan D. Gil & Jerónimo Ramos-Teodoro & José A. Romero-Ramos & Rodrigo Escobar & José M. Cardemil & Cynthia Giagnocavo & Manuel Pérez, 2021. "Demand-Side Optimal Sizing of a Solar Energy–Biomass Hybrid System for Isolated Greenhouse Environments: Methodology and Application Example," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-22, June.
    10. Allouhi, A. & Benzakour Amine, M. & Buker, M.S. & Kousksou, T. & Jamil, A., 2019. "Forced-circulation solar water heating system using heat pipe-flat plate collectors: Energy and exergy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 429-443.
    11. Chinese, D. & Orrù, P.F. & Meneghetti, A. & Cortella, G. & Giordano, L. & Benedetti, M., 2022. "Symbiotic and optimized energy supply for decarbonizing cheese production: An Italian case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    12. Meyers, Steven & Schmitt, Bastian & Vajen, Klaus, 2018. "Renewable process heat from solar thermal and photovoltaics: The development and application of a universal methodology to determine the more economical technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1537-1552.
    13. Martínez-Rodríguez, Guillermo & Fuentes-Silva, Amanda L. & Velázquez-Torres, Daniel & Picón-Núñez, Martín, 2022. "Comprehensive solar thermal integration for industrial processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    14. Nahin Tasmin & Shahjadi Hisan Farjana & Md Rashed Hossain & Santu Golder & M. A. Parvez Mahmud, 2022. "Integration of Solar Process Heat in Industries: A Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-35, February.
    15. Juan R Lizárraga-Morazán & Guillermo Martínez-Rodríguez & Amanda L Fuentes-Silva & Martín Picón-Núñez, 2021. "Selection of solar collector network design for industrial applications subject to economic and operation criteria," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(8), pages 1504-1523, December.
    16. Calvin Kong Leng Sing & Jeng Shiun Lim & Timothy Gordon Walmsley & Peng Yen Liew & Masafumi Goto & Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Bin Shaikh Salim, 2020. "Time-Dependent Integration of Solar Thermal Technology in Industrial Processes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-32, March.
    17. Bahlawan, Hilal & Morini, Mirko & Pinelli, Michele & Poganietz, Witold-Roger & Spina, Pier Ruggero & Venturini, Mauro, 2019. "Optimization of a hybrid energy plant by integrating the cumulative energy demand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    18. Breen, M. & Murphy, M.D. & Upton, J., 2019. "Development of a dairy multi-objective optimization (DAIRYMOO) method for economic and environmental optimization of dairy farms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1697-1711.
    19. Haytham El-houari & Amine Allouhi & Shafiqur Rehman & Mahmut Sami Buker & Tarik Kousksou & Abdelmajid Jamil & Bouchta El Amrani, 2019. "Design, Simulation, and Economic Optimization of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System for Rural Electrification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-16, December.
    20. Abokersh, Mohamed Hany & Vallès, Manel & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Boer, Dieter, 2020. "A framework for the optimal integration of solar assisted district heating in different urban sized communities: A robust machine learning approach incorporating global sensitivity analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    21. Irving Cruz-Robles & Jorge M. Islas-Samperio & Claudio A. Estrada, 2022. "Levelized Cost of Heat of the CSP th Hybrid Central Tower Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-23, November.
    22. Saini, Raj Kumar & Saini, Devender Kumar & Gupta, Rajeev & Verma, Piush & Thakur, Robin & Kumar, Sushil & wassouf, Ali, 2023. "Technological development in solar dryers from 2016 to 2021-A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Naspolini, Helena F. & Rüther, Ricardo, 2019. "Impacts of the active power demand measurement-time resolution on the financial attractiveness of domestic solar hot water systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 336-345.
    2. Farjana, Shahjadi Hisan & Huda, Nazmul & Mahmud, M.A. Parvez & Saidur, R., 2018. "Solar industrial process heating systems in operation – Current SHIP plants and future prospects in Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 409-419.
    3. Baniassadi, Amir & Momen, Mahyar & Amidpour, Majid, 2015. "A new method for optimization of Solar Heat Integration and solar fraction targeting in low temperature process industries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1674-1681.
    4. Pankaj Kumar & Krishna Kumar Sinha & Bojan Đurin & Mukesh Kumar Gupta & Nishant Saxena & Malay Kumar Banerjee & Nikola Kranjčić & Suraj Kumar Singh & Shruti Kanga, 2022. "Economics of Implementing Solar Thermal Heating Systems in the Textile Industry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Ismail, Muhammad Imran & Yunus, Nor Alafiza & Hashim, Haslenda, 2021. "Integration of solar heating systems for low-temperature heat demand in food processing industry – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    6. Gil, Juan D. & Topa, A. & Álvarez, J.D. & Torres, J.L. & Pérez, M., 2022. "A review from design to control of solar systems for supplying heat in industrial process applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    7. Schoeneberger, Carrie A. & McMillan, Colin A. & Kurup, Parthiv & Akar, Sertac & Margolis, Robert & Masanet, Eric, 2020. "Solar for industrial process heat: A review of technologies, analysis approaches, and potential applications in the United States," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    8. Sharma, Ashish K. & Sharma, Chandan & Mullick, Subhash C. & Kandpal, Tara C., 2017. "Solar industrial process heating: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 124-137.
    9. Calvin Kong Leng Sing & Jeng Shiun Lim & Timothy Gordon Walmsley & Peng Yen Liew & Masafumi Goto & Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Bin Shaikh Salim, 2020. "Time-Dependent Integration of Solar Thermal Technology in Industrial Processes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-32, March.
    10. Martínez-Rodríguez, Guillermo & Fuentes-Silva, Amanda L. & Velázquez-Torres, Daniel & Picón-Núñez, Martín, 2022. "Comprehensive solar thermal integration for industrial processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    11. Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír & Varbanov, Petar Sabev & Walmsley, Timothy G. & Jia, Xuexiu, 2018. "New directions in the implementation of Pinch Methodology (PM)," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 439-468.
    12. Meyers, Steven & Schmitt, Bastian & Vajen, Klaus, 2018. "Renewable process heat from solar thermal and photovoltaics: The development and application of a universal methodology to determine the more economical technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1537-1552.
    13. Juan R Lizárraga-Morazán & Guillermo Martínez-Rodríguez & Amanda L Fuentes-Silva & Martín Picón-Núñez, 2021. "Selection of solar collector network design for industrial applications subject to economic and operation criteria," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(8), pages 1504-1523, December.
    14. jia, Teng & Huang, Junpeng & Li, Rui & He, Peng & Dai, Yanjun, 2018. "Status and prospect of solar heat for industrial processes in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 475-489.
    15. Nahin Tasmin & Shahjadi Hisan Farjana & Md Rashed Hossain & Santu Golder & M. A. Parvez Mahmud, 2022. "Integration of Solar Process Heat in Industries: A Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-35, February.
    16. Wallerand, Anna S. & Kermani, Maziar & Voillat, Régis & Kantor, Ivan & Maréchal, François, 2018. "Optimal design of solar-assisted industrial processes considering heat pumping: Case study of a dairy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PB), pages 565-585.
    17. Wang, Kai & Pantaleo, Antonio M. & Herrando, María & Faccia, Michele & Pesmazoglou, Ioannis & Franchetti, Benjamin M. & Markides, Christos N., 2020. "Spectral-splitting hybrid PV-thermal (PVT) systems for combined heat and power provision to dairy farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 1047-1065.
    18. Kazemi, Abolghasem & Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Arjomand & Beheshti, Masoud, 2018. "Recently developed heat pump assisted distillation configurations: A comparative study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 1261-1281.
    19. Chang, Chenglin & Chen, Xiaolu & Wang, Yufei & Feng, Xiao, 2017. "Simultaneous optimization of multi-plant heat integration using intermediate fluid circles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 306-317.
    20. Diego-Ayala, U. & Carrillo, J.G., 2016. "Evaluation of temperature and efficiency in relation to mass flow on a solar flat plate collector in Mexico," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 756-764.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:206:y:2017:i:c:p:382-392. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.