IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i2p983-d483023.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Building Retrofit and Energy Conservation/Efficiency Review: A Techno-Environ-Economic Assessment of Heat Pump System Retrofit in Housing Stock

Author

Listed:
  • Mustapha Mukhtar

    (School of Economics and Management, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China)

  • Bismark Ameyaw

    (School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China)

  • Nasser Yimen

    (National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon)

  • Quixin Zhang

    (School of Economics and Management, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China)

  • Olusola Bamisile

    (School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China)

  • Humphrey Adun

    (Energy Systems Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa 99258, Turkey)

  • Mustafa Dagbasi

    (Energy Systems Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, Haspolat-Lefkosa 99258, Turkey)

Abstract

The world has not been able to achieve minimum greenhouse gas emissions in buildings’ energy consumptions because the energy and emissions optimization techniques have not been fully utilized. Thermal comfort is one of the most important issues for both residential and commercial buildings. Out of the 40% of global energy consumed by buildings, a large fraction is used to maintain their thermal comfort. In this study, a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in building energy conservation and efficiency application is presented based on existing high-quality research papers. Additionally, the retrofit of the heating/cooling and hot water system for an entire community in Cyprus is presented. This study aims to analyze the technical and environmental benefits of replacing existing electric heaters for hot water with heat pump water heating systems and the use of heat pump air conditioners for thermal comfort in place of the existing ordinary air conditioners for space heating and cooling. One administrative building, 86 apartments (including residential and commercial) buildings, and a restaurant building is retrofitted, and the feasibility of the project is determined based on three economic indicators, namely; simple payback period ( SPP ), internal rate of return ( IRR ), and net present value ( NPV ). The electrical energy required by the hot water systems and the heating/cooling system is reduced by 263,564 kWh/yr and 144,825 kWh/yr, respectively. Additionally, the retrofit project will reduce Cyprus’ CO 2 emission by 121,592.8 kg yearly. The SPP , IRR , and NPV for the project show that the retrofit is economically feasible.

Suggested Citation

  • Mustapha Mukhtar & Bismark Ameyaw & Nasser Yimen & Quixin Zhang & Olusola Bamisile & Humphrey Adun & Mustafa Dagbasi, 2021. "Building Retrofit and Energy Conservation/Efficiency Review: A Techno-Environ-Economic Assessment of Heat Pump System Retrofit in Housing Stock," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:983-:d:483023
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/983/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/2/983/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bismark Ameyaw & Li Yao, 2018. "Sectoral Energy Demand Forecasting under an Assumption-Free Data-Driven Technique," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-20, July.
    2. Mehdi Ben Jebli & Slim Ben Youssef & Ilhan Ozturk, 2015. "The Role of Renewable Energy Consumption and Trade: Environmental Kuznets Curve Analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 27(3), pages 288-300, September.
    3. Gouveia, João Pedro & Seixas, Júlia & Mestre, Ana, 2017. "Daily electricity consumption profiles from smart meters - Proxies of behavior for space heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 108-122.
    4. Gerber, Daniel L. & Liou, Richard & Brown, Richard, 2019. "Energy-saving opportunities of direct-DC loads in buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 274-287.
    5. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2014. "Renewable energy, output, CO2 emissions, and fossil fuel prices in Central America: Evidence from a nonlinear panel smooth transition vector error correction model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 226-232.
    6. Babak Raji & Martin J. Tenpierik & Andy Van den Dobbelsteen, 2017. "Early-Stage Design Considerations for the Energy-Efficiency of High-Rise Office Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-28, April.
    7. Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka, 2012. "On energy for sustainable development in Nigeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 2583-2598.
    8. Feifei Fu & Hanbin Luo & Hua Zhong & Andrew Hill, 2014. "Development of a Carbon Emission Calculations System for Optimizing Building Plan Based on the LCA Framework," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2014, pages 1-13, June.
    9. Salari, Mahmoud & Javid, Roxana J., 2017. "Modeling household energy expenditure in the United States," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 822-832.
    10. Liu, Zhijian & Li, Yuanwei & Xu, Wei & Yin, Hang & Gao, Jun & Jin, Guangya & Lun, Liyong & Jin, Guohui, 2019. "Performance and feasibility study of hybrid ground source heat pump system assisted with cooling tower for one office building based on one Shanghai case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 28-37.
    11. Ortega-Izquierdo, Margarita & Paredes-Salvador, Andrés & Montoya-Rasero, Carlos, 2019. "Analysis of the decision making factors for heating and cooling systems in Spanish households," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 175-185.
    12. Patrick Moriarty & Damon Honnery, 2019. "Energy Efficiency or Conservation for Mitigating Climate Change?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-17, September.
    13. Hardi K. Abdullah & Halil Z. Alibaba, 2017. "Retrofits for Energy Efficient Office Buildings: Integration of Optimized Photovoltaics in the Form of Responsive Shading Devices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-22, November.
    14. Muh, Erasmus & Amara, Sofiane & Tabet, Fouzi, 2018. "Sustainable energy policies in Cameroon: A holistic overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 3420-3429.
    15. Lo, Kevin, 2014. "A critical review of China's rapidly developing renewable energy and energy efficiency policies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 508-516.
    16. Iwaro, Joseph & Mwasha, Abraham, 2010. "A review of building energy regulation and policy for energy conservation in developing countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(12), pages 7744-7755, December.
    17. Johra, Hicham & Filonenko, Konstantin & Heiselberg, Per & Veje, Christian & Dall’Olio, Stefano & Engelbrecht, Kurt & Bahl, Christian, 2019. "Integration of a magnetocaloric heat pump in an energy flexible residential building," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 115-126.
    18. Buffa, Simone & Cozzini, Marco & D’Antoni, Matteo & Baratieri, Marco & Fedrizzi, Roberto, 2019. "5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 504-522.
    19. Yang, Liu & Yan, Haiyan & Lam, Joseph C., 2014. "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 164-173.
    20. Zuazua-Ros, Amaia & Martín-Gómez, César & Ibañez-Puy, Elia & Vidaurre-Arbizu, Marina & Gelbstein, Yaniv, 2019. "Investigation of the thermoelectric potential for heating, cooling and ventilation in buildings: Characterization options and applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 229-239.
    21. Ameyaw, Bismark & Yao, Li & Oppong, Amos & Agyeman, Joy Korang, 2019. "Investigating, forecasting and proposing emission mitigation pathways for CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion only: A case study of selected countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 7-21.
    22. Evans, Annette & Strezov, Vladimir & Evans, Tim J., 2009. "Assessment of sustainability indicators for renewable energy technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 1082-1088, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Giuseppe Aruta & Fabrizio Ascione & Nicola Bianco & Teresa Iovane & Margherita Mastellone, 2023. "Assessment of the Incentive Rate to Favor the Energy Retrofit of Public Buildings: A Comprehensive Approach for an Italian University Facility," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Muhammad Aashed Khan Abbasi & Shabir Hussain Khahro & Yasir Javed, 2021. "Carbon Dioxide Footprint and Its Impacts: A Case of Academic Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Hai Wang & Yanxin Hu & Jinqing Peng & Mengjie Song & Haoteng Li, 2021. "Effects of Receiver Parameters on Solar Flux Distribution for Triangle Cavity Receiver in the Fixed Linear-Focus Fresnel Lens Solar Concentrator," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, May.
    4. Vivek Arulnathan & Mohammad Davoud Heidari & Maurice Doyon & Eric P. H. Li & Nathan Pelletier, 2022. "Economic Indicators for Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: Going beyond Life Cycle Costing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-27, December.
    5. Nawal Abdunasseer Hmidah & Nuzul Azam Bin Haron & Aidi Alias Hizami & Teik Hua Law & Abubaker Basheer Abdalwhab Altohami, 2023. "Energy Consumption of Retrofitting Existing Public Buildings in Malaysia under BIM Approach: Pilot Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-29, June.
    6. U. G. D. Madushika & Thanuja Ramachandra & Gayani Karunasena & P. A. D. S. Udakara, 2023. "Energy Retrofitting Technologies of Buildings: A Review-Based Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-16, June.
    7. Hélio A. G. Diniz & Tiago F. Paulino & Juan J. G. Pabon & Antônio A. T. Maia & Raphael N. Oliveira, 2021. "Dynamic Model of a Transcritical CO 2 Heat Pump for Residential Water Heating," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zahra Fallahi & Gregor P. Henze, 2019. "Interactive Buildings: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Yuriy Bilan & Dalia Streimikiene & Tetyana Vasylieva & Oleksii Lyulyov & Tetyana Pimonenko & Anatolii Pavlyk, 2019. "Linking between Renewable Energy, CO 2 Emissions, and Economic Growth: Challenges for Candidates and Potential Candidates for the EU Membership," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Manso, José Ramos Pires & Behmiri, Niaz Bashiri, 2013. "Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development/Energía renovable y Desarrollo Sostenible," Estudios de Economia Aplicada, Estudios de Economia Aplicada, vol. 31, pages 7-34, Enero.
    4. Maatouk Khoukhi & Abeer Fuad Darsaleh & Sara Ali, 2020. "Retrofitting an Existing Office Building in the UAE Towards Achieving Low-Energy Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
    5. Patrick Moriarty & Damon Honnery, 2019. "Energy Accounting for a Renewable Energy Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-16, November.
    6. Gunnarsdottir, I. & Davidsdottir, B. & Worrell, E. & Sigurgeirsdottir, S., 2021. "Sustainable energy development: History of the concept and emerging themes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    7. Zebo Kuldasheva & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2023. "Renewable Energy and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Rapidly Urbanizing Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(2), pages 1077-1090, June.
    8. Sun, Yunpeng & Anwar, Ahsan & Razzaq, Asif & Liang, Xueping & Siddique, Muhammad, 2022. "Asymmetric role of renewable energy, green innovation, and globalization in deriving environmental sustainability: Evidence from top-10 polluted countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 280-290.
    9. Muhammad Farhan Bashir & Benjiang MA & Muhammad Shahbaz & Zhilun Jiao, 2020. "The nexus between environmental tax and carbon emissions with the roles of environmental technology and financial development," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(11), pages 1-20, November.
    10. Rostami, Raheleh & Khoshnava, Seyed Meysam & Lamit, Hasanuddin & Streimikiene, Dalia & Mardani, Abbas, 2017. "An overview of Afghanistan's trends toward renewable and sustainable energies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1440-1464.
    11. Besagni, Giorgio & Borgarello, Marco, 2018. "The determinants of residential energy expenditure in Italy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 369-386.
    12. Agnieszka Operacz, 2021. "Possibility of Hydropower Development: A Simple-to-Use Index," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    13. Marcel Mbamalu, 2020. "Newspaper Coverage of Renewable Energy in Nigeria: Frames, Themes, and Actors," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(2), pages 21582440209, May.
    14. Thollander, Patrik & Kimura, Osamu & Wakabayashi, Masayo & Rohdin, Patrik, 2015. "A review of industrial energy and climate policies in Japan and Sweden with emphasis towards SMEs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 504-512.
    15. Bilgili, Faik & Mugaloglu, Erhan & Koçak, Emrah, 2018. "The impact of oil prices on CO2 emissions in China: A Wavelet coherence approach," MPRA Paper 90170, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Carolina Rodriguez & María Coronado & Marta D’Alessandro & Juan Medina, 2019. "The Importance of Standardised Data-Collection Methods in the Improvement of Thermal Comfort Assessment Models for Developing Countries in the Tropics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-22, August.
    17. Sinha, Avik & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2018. "Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: Role of renewable energy generation in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 703-711.
    18. Oyedepo, Sunday Olayinka, 2014. "Towards achieving energy for sustainable development in Nigeria," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 255-272.
    19. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Werner, Sven & Dyrelund, Anders & Lund, Henrik & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Sorknæs, Peter & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2022. "The four generations of district cooling - A categorization of the development in district cooling from origin to future prospect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    20. Yang, Haiyue & Wang, Yazhou & Yu, Qianqian & Cao, Guoliang & Yang, Rue & Ke, Jiaona & Di, Xin & Liu, Feng & Zhang, Wenbo & Wang, Chengyu, 2018. "Composite phase change materials with good reversible thermochromic ability in delignified wood substrate for thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 455-464.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:983-:d:483023. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.