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Comparative Life Cycle Impact Assessment between the Productions of Zinc from Conventional Concentrates versus Waelz Oxides Obtained from Slags

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  • Voicu-Teodor Muica

    (Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Sustainability and Disaster Management Based On High Performance Computing, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Alexandru Ozunu

    (Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Sustainability and Disaster Management Based On High Performance Computing, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
    Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Disaster Management Training and Education Centre (DIMTEC), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa)

  • Zoltàn Török

    (Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Sustainability and Disaster Management Based On High Performance Computing, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

(1) Background: The importance of Zinc in today’s world can hardly be exaggerated—from anticorrosion properties, to its durability, aesthetic, and even medicinal uses—zinc is ever-present in our daily lives ever since its discovery in ancient times. The natural, essential, durable, and recyclable features of zinc make it a prized material with uses in many applications across a wide array of fields. The purpose of this study was to compare two life cycle impact assessments of zinc production by using two different main raw materials: (A) zinc concentrates (sulfide ore) and (B) Waelz oxides (obtained through recycling existing imperial smelting process furnace slags). The Waelz oxide scenario was based on a case study regarding the existing slag deposit located in Copsa Mica town, Sibiu county, Romania. (2) Methods: consequential life cycle impact assessment methods were applied to each built system, with real process data obtained from the case study enterprise. (3) Results: Overall, the use of slags in the Waelz kiln to produce zinc oxides for use in the production of zinc metal is beneficial to the environment in some areas (acidification, water, and terrestrial eutrophication), whereas in other areas it has a slightly larger impact (climate change, photochemical ozone formation, and ozone depletion). (4) Conclusions: The use of slags (considered a waste) is encouraged to produce zinc metal, where available. The results are not absolute, suggesting the further need for fine-tuning the input data and other process parameters.

Suggested Citation

  • Voicu-Teodor Muica & Alexandru Ozunu & Zoltàn Török, 2021. "Comparative Life Cycle Impact Assessment between the Productions of Zinc from Conventional Concentrates versus Waelz Oxides Obtained from Slags," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:580-:d:477555
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    References listed on IDEAS

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