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Location and Expansion of Electric Bus Charging Stations Based on Gridded Affinity Propagation Clustering and a Sequential Expansion Rule

Author

Listed:
  • Yajun Zhang

    (School of Business Administration, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China)

  • Jie Deng

    (Intellectual Property Institute of Chongqing, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China)

  • Kangkang Zhu

    (School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

  • Yongqiang Tao

    (School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

  • Xiaolin Liu

    (School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

  • Ligang Cui

    (School of Economics and Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

Abstract

With the escalating contradiction between the growing demand for electric buses and limited supporting resources of cities to deploy electric charging infrastructure, it is a great challenge for decision-makers to synthetically plan the location and decide on the expansion sequence of electric charging stations. In light of the location decisions of electric charging stations having long-term impacts on the deployment of electric buses and the layout of city traffic networks, a comprehensive framework for planning the locations and deciding on the expansion of electric bus charging stations should be developed simultaneously. In practice, construction or renovation of a new charging station is limited by various factors, such as land resources, capital investment, and power grid load. Thus, it is necessary to develop an evaluation structure that combines these factors to provide integrated decision support for the location of bus charging stations. Under this background, this paper develops a gridded affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm that combines the superiorities of the AP clustering algorithm and the map gridding rule to find the optimal candidate locations for electric bus charging stations by considering multiple impacting factors such as land cost, traffic conditions, and so on. Based on the location results of the candidate stations, the expansion sequence of these candidate stations is proposed. In particular, a sequential expansion rule for planning the charging stations is proposed that considers the development trends of the charging demand. To verify the performance of the gridded AP clustering and the effectiveness of the proposed sequential expansion rule, an empirical investigation of Guiyang City, the capital of Guizhou province in China, is conducted. The results of the empirical investigation demonstrate that the proposed framework that helps find optimal locations for electric bus charging stations and the expansion sequence of these locations are decided with less capital investment pressure. This research shows that the combination of gridded AP clustering and the proposed sequential expansion rule can systematically solve the problem of finding the optimal locations and deciding on the best expansion sequence for electric bus charging stations, which denotes that the proposed structure is pretty pragmatic and would benefit the government for long-term investment in electric bus station deployment.

Suggested Citation

  • Yajun Zhang & Jie Deng & Kangkang Zhu & Yongqiang Tao & Xiaolin Liu & Ligang Cui, 2021. "Location and Expansion of Electric Bus Charging Stations Based on Gridded Affinity Propagation Clustering and a Sequential Expansion Rule," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:8957-:d:611899
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Wang, Ning & Tian, Hangqi & Wu, Huahua & Liu, Qiaoqian & Luan, Jie & Li, Yuan, 2023. "Cost-oriented optimization of the location and capacity of charging stations for the electric Robotaxi fleet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
    3. Adrian Barchański & Renata Żochowska & Marcin Jacek Kłos, 2022. "A Method for the Identification of Critical Interstop Sections in Terms of Introducing Electric Buses in Public Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-37, October.
    4. Renata Żochowska & Marcin Jacek Kłos & Piotr Soczówka & Marcin Pilch, 2022. "Assessment of Accessibility of Public Transport by Using Temporal and Spatial Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-29, December.
    5. Kłos, Marcin Jacek & Sierpiński, Grzegorz, 2023. "Siting of electric vehicle charging stations method addressing area potential and increasing their accessibility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).

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