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Examining influential factors on the energy consumption of electric and diesel buses: A data-driven analysis of large-scale public transit network in Beijing

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  • Ma, Xiaolei
  • Miao, Ran
  • Wu, Xinkai
  • Liu, Xianglong

Abstract

Switching from diesel-powered to battery-powered buses has been a global tendency. Traditional approaches rely on standard driving cycles or fuel economy data for energy consumption on a limited number of buses; thus, expanding to large bus fleets at the city level has become challenging. This study uses high-resolution GPS and smart card transaction data to generate each bus driving profile and weight dynamics in a large-scale transit network. Two vehicle activity-based energy consumption models are adopted and calibrated for diesel bus (DB) and electric bus by using the field data of 630 bus routes in Beijing. The average energy consumptions of DBs and electric buses are 43.5 and 14.1 L/100 km, respectively. A gradient boosting regression tree algorithm is presented to examine and rank distinct influential factors on the energy consumption of DBs and electric buses. Heterogenous behaviors are identified: the leading attributes affecting the energy consumption of electric buses and DBs are route characteristics and operational condition, respectively. After computing, the total energy conservation of electrifying all bus fleets is equivalent to 0.87% of daily electricity demand in Beijing. These findings set a good base for further studies on bus fleet replacement, charging infrastructure deployment, and electrified route prioritization.

Suggested Citation

  • Ma, Xiaolei & Miao, Ran & Wu, Xinkai & Liu, Xianglong, 2021. "Examining influential factors on the energy consumption of electric and diesel buses: A data-driven analysis of large-scale public transit network in Beijing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:216:y:2021:i:c:s0360544220323033
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.119196
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    3. Foda, Ahmed & Abdelaty, Hatem & Mohamed, Moataz & El-Saadany, Ehab, 2023. "A generic cost-utility-emission optimization for electric bus transit infrastructure planning and charging scheduling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
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    5. Maciej Dzikuć & Rafał Miśko & Szymon Szufa, 2021. "Modernization of the Public Transport Bus Fleet in the Context of Low-Carbon Development in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-12, June.
    6. Xiaoqing Su & Lanqing Jiang & Yucheng Huang, 2023. "Design of Electric Bus Transit Routes with Charging Stations under Demand Uncertainty," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    7. Xiaowei Ding & Weige Zhang & Shaoyuan Wei & Zhenpo Wang, 2021. "Optimization of an Energy Storage System for Electric Bus Fast-Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    8. Marouane Adnane & Ahmed Khoumsi & João Pedro F. Trovão, 2023. "Efficient Management of Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles Using Machine Learning—A Systematic and Comprehensive Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-39, June.
    9. Basma, Hussein & Mansour, Charbel & Haddad, Marc & Nemer, Maroun & Stabat, Pascal, 2022. "Energy consumption and battery sizing for different types of electric bus service," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    10. Mengqi Fu & Yanyan Yang & Yong Li & Huanqin Wang & Fajun Yu & Juan Liu, 2023. "Beijing Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicle Battery Capacity Conversion and Emission Estimation in 2022," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-14, July.
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    12. Feifeng Zheng & Zhaojie Wang & Ming Liu, 2022. "Overnight charging scheduling of battery electric buses with uncertain charging time," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 22(5), pages 4865-4903, November.

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